Métis的認同旅程

Métis Journey to Identity-searching

紀舜傑(Shun-Jie Ji)

《台灣原住民族研究季刊》 3卷2期 (2010/06) Pp. 47-65

https://doi.org/10.29910/TJIS.201006.0003

摘要

Métis是個奇特的群體，métis小寫的名詞是混血的意思，本是種族來源的名稱，但後來形成民族的稱號，所以Métis的發展是經由種族到民族的歷程。他們的身份範圍跨越歐洲白人、印地安人、法裔、英裔、和原住民族等。Métis對加拿大的歷史、原住民族的認定問題、對族群的分類及其政策、以及加拿大領土的完整性都形成重大挑戰。1970年代後在加拿大整個多元文化運動開展，Métis的認同議題逐漸浮上台面，尋找自身在加拿大的歷史定位關係著權力和權利的分配與分享。隨著1982年的憲政法案確認Métis是加拿大的原住民族後，Métis終於擺脫種族的原生性而正式進入民族的範疇與定見中。2003年Powley的案子被認為是自從Riel的判決以後，與Métis有關的最重要的判決。表面上是兩個Métis獵人的打獵權利獲得保障，更深層的是透過最高法院確認Métis所享有的原住民族權利。Métis的認同旅程看似到一個普遍滿意的階段，但尚未結束，未來仍將面對新起的問題。

關鍵字

Métis身份 ； Métis民族形塑 ； Métis民族性 ； Powley案

並列摘要

Métis is a unique group of people with complicated origin and characteristics to be categorized. It, métis, originally stood for a person born of mixed blood or a hybrid. Then it became the title of a nation, which struggled to build its nationhood and nationalism. In searching of an appropriate location in Canada, Métis posed challenges to interpretation of Canadian history, to Canadian policies on Indigenous peoples, as well to the integrity of Canadian territory. Not until the 1970s, following the introduction of munliculturalism in Canada, did Métis devoted to identify their legal and meaningful status. In the Constitutional Act of 1982, Métis was defined one of the three aboriginal peoples group in Canada, accompanying with the First Nations and Inuit. The other big breakthrough came from the Powley case of 2003, in which Métis' specific aboriginal rights were protected and their collective as a people was recognized. However, the journey of identity for Métis by no means ended there. As the journey continues, the emerging issues are reasonably expected.

並列關鍵字

Métis identity ； Métis nation-building ； Métis nationhood ； Powley case

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