花生花藥培養的研究Ⅳ.花粉發育與體胚形成及芽體再生的研究

Studies on the Anther Culture of Peanut Ⅳ. Pollen Development, Somatic Embryogenesis and Shoot Regeneration from Anther Culture in Arachis hypogaea L.

李俊寬(Jiunn-Kuan Lee) ； 葉茂生(Mau-Shing Yeh)

《農林學報》 50卷2期 (2001/06) Pp. 65-79

https://doi.org/10.30089/JAF.200106.0006

摘要

利用栽培種花生(Arachis hypogaea)台南選9號(TNS9)及台南11號(TN11)之花藥為材料。觀察花粉發育與利用MS為基礎培養基，各添加2mg/I 2,4 -D +0.5mg/l kinetin （代號A1），4mg/I 2,4-D +0.5mg/I kinetin (A2)，2mg/I 2,4-D +0.05mg/I TDZ (A3)，1 mg/l 2,4-D +0.05mg/l TDZ (A4)及2mg/l 2,4-D +0.lmg/I TDZ (A5)等5種培養基，探討對花生花藥癒合組織之誘導、體胚分化及芽體再生之效果，期建立花生花藥培養技術，其結果如下：
l.花藥發育階段中，在單核期之花蕾長度TNS9約為2.42~3.21mm，TN11約為2.40~3.52mm，因此花生花藥培養最適宜之花蕾長度為2.5~3.0mm。
2.花生花藥癒合組織以A5培養基所誘導之形成率最高，TN11為92.9%，TNS9平均誘導率為91.1%，其次依序為Al培養基(70.1%)，A2培養基(53.4%)，A4培養基(49.4%)，而A3培養基最低(43.3%)。
3.TNS9於A3及A5培養基中光照2週後即有胚狀體形成，形成不同形態之體胚，包括角狀胚、粗大角狀胚及扇形狀胚等。A3培養基體胚形成率1.0%，A5培養基體胚形成率18.5%，而A5培養基中芽體形成率則為47.1%，但TN11無體胚形成。當體胚發育至魚雷形胚後，移入MS+活性碳培養基中，可促進體胚的分化，再生為芽體，其芽體形成率為47.1%。

關鍵字

花生 ； 花藥培養 ； 體胚形成 ； 分化 ； 芽體再生

並列摘要

In order to establish the protocol of anther culture to produce haploid plants of peanut, experiments designed to investigate pollen development, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and shoot regeneration. Anthers from peanut cultivars TNS9 and TN11 were cultured on MS basal medium with five different treatments, i.e., by adding (1) 2mg/l 2, 4-D+0.5mg/l kinetin (Al medium), (2) 4mg/l 2, 4-D+0.5mg/l kinetin (A2medium), (3) 2mg/l 2, 4-D+0.5mg/l TDZ (A3 medium), (4) 1 mg/l 2, 4-D + 0.05mg/l TDZ (A4 medium) or (5) 2mg/l 2, 4-D+0.1mg/l TDZ (A5 medium) respectively. Results were summarized as follows:
The lengths of buds of TNS9 and TN11 at uninclate stage were about 2.42-3.21 mm and 2.40-3.52 mm, respectively. The results indicated that buds about 2.5-3.0 mm in length was appropriate for culture.
The rate of callus induction of TN11 on the A5 medium was the highest (92.9%), followed by that of TNS9 on the same medium (90.2%). When averaged over the two test cu1tivars, rate of callus induction on the A5 medium was the highest (91.9%), followed by that on the Al medium (70.1%), A2 medium (53.4%), A4 medium (49.4%), and the A3 medium (43.3%).
After two weeks under light condition, embryoids were induced from explants of TNS9. Various types of embryo derived from callus of TNS9 were found, including horn-, thick horn- and fan-shaped embryos etc. For somatic embryos, the rates of induction on A3 and A5 media were 1.0% and 18.5%, respectively. The rate of shoots regeneration derived from embryos on A5 medium was 47.1 % No somatic embryo was found in the culture of TN11.
When embryos developed into torpedo-shaped forms and then were subcultured on the MS medium containing charcoal, the rate of shoots formation from embryos were promoted (47.1%).

並列關鍵字

Arachis hypogaea peanut ； anther culture ； somatic embryogensis ； differentiation ； shoot regeneration