政治正當性與中國政治發展

自晚清傳統政治秩序崩壞以來，重建正當性一直是當代中國政治發展的核心議題。建國以來中國共產黨建構政治正當性的努力，先後經歷毛澤東時代民眾把自己的命運託付給「紅太陽」的前現代「克利斯瑪」(Charisma)正當性，到鄧小平時代以證成性來建構政治正當性。但前者容易導致「人在政舉，人亡政息」的困境；而後者必須滿足兩個條件，即(1)國家爲公民提供的福利要持續增長，(2)分配正義，但這兩個條件在現代社會都是不確定的，從而導致「端起碗吃肉，放下筷子罵娘」的窘境。在現時代，走出上述窘境的根本在於建構現代政治正當性，實現中國政治的現代轉型。

關鍵字

正當性；證成性；意識形態；實效主義；公民

並列摘要

Since the breakdown of traditional political order in late Qing Dynasty, rebuilding the political legitimacy has been a core issue of the political development in modern China. Since Communist Party of China obtained the power to rule the mainland in 1949, the process of constructing political legitimacy has undergone Mao Zedong era in which the fate of the people were entrusted to their own ”Red Sun” and Deng Xiaoping era in which CCP constructed political legitimacy by justification. However, the former easily lead to the plight of ”being appreciated when alive but being forgotten when dead”; while the latter two conditions must be met, namely (1) the growth of the welfare that the country provides for the citizen must be sustainable, (2) the distributive justice. But these two conditions in a modern society are uncertain, resulting in the dilemma of ”pick up the bowl to eat meat, then lay down their chopsticks to condemn the government.” In the modern times, out of the above dilemma is to construct the modern political legitimacy based on the constitutionalism and to achieve the modern transformation of Chinese politics.