台灣考古學與原住民研究

The Discipline of Taiwanese Archaeology and Studies of Indigenous People Groups

劉益昌(Yi-Chang Liu)

《國立臺灣大學考古人類學刊》 66期 (2006/12) Pp. 70-93

https://doi.org/10.6152/jaa.2006.12.0005

摘要

本文主要檢討台灣考古學對於原住民的研究，從國家史與區域史的角度整體思考考古學研究的原住民早期歷史與更早階段的史前史，究竟在台灣史的定位為何，並將此一論題置於考古學發展史和國家政策的角度思考，指出百年以來考古學研究的四大段落，包括日治時期主要從史前遺址的族群概念與類緣關係，戰後受大中國民族主義的影響將台灣史置於地方史的概念，同時也隱含有漢人中心主義，因此台灣考古學的研究結果並不受重視，1980年代台灣史研究逐漸蓬勃，中央研究院首開風氣之先，成立台灣史田野研究室，張光直先生倡議完整的台灣史研究，使得台灣史前史的研究得以重新出發，和台灣史學界共同檢討台灣史的建構，1990年代中期以後由於南島民族起源問題的刺激，中央研究院開始前往東南亞地區進行實質田野研究，也與世界考古學共同關切的問題得以接軌，台灣史前史目前正面臨研究契機抉擇與考驗。
基於考古學與原住民研究的反思，筆者提出仍應關切的議題包括：1.考古學研究與歷史建構，2.研究者與被研究者關係的思考，3.原住民意識的過度詮釋，4.學術研究與原住民政策，尤其是部份原住民意識的過度詮釋已經和學術界造成衝突，是研究者未來必須面對的課題。

關鍵字

台灣考古學 ； 原住民研究 ； 南島民族起源

並列摘要

This paper reviews the influence of Taiwanese archaeological research on the indigenous peoples. Specifically, from both the perspective of national history and local history, the paper considers the overall significance of the pre-historic and early periods in Taiwanese history in Taiwanese history. It also considers the relationship between academic research on Taiwanese archaeology and national policy, taking pains to point out four main periods of dynamic interaction. In general these four periods are: the period of Japanese rule during which scholars mainly engaged in the relationship between tribal groupings and geography. The second includes the postwar period, during which the influence of Chinese nationalism and its implicit Han-centric focus, caused research on Taiwanese archaeology received little scholarly attention.
During the 1980s research on Taiwan's history increased gradually: Academia Sinica inaugurated the establishment of the Taiwan History Field Research Center, Chang Kwangchih advocated studying the entirety of Taiwanese history, making the study of Taiwan's prehistoric era to start anew. Together with the entire field of Taiwanese history, scholars engaged in analyzing the overall structure of Taiwan's history.
Since the mid-1990s due to impetus of the rise of Austronesian aboriginal people ”problem,” the development of actual archaeological field research in Southeast Asia as participated by Academia Sinica, and the convergence of concerns to engage in the research of Taiwan's prehistoric history, the discipline is currently facing critical research opportunities and choices.
Based on the study of archeology and aboriginal peoples, the author proposes that issues of concern include: 1. the structure of archaeological and historical research 2. researchers and the researchers were thinking 3. the relationship between field researchers and their objects of study 4. the development of aboriginal people's identity 5. the relationship between research on indigenous people and policies toward them. Particularly in light of the fact that for some aboriginal groups, conflict between policy and their own interpretation of their own identity has already emerged, these aforementioned items are issues future researchers must face.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese Archaeology ； Research on Indigenous peoples ； Origins of Austronesian people

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