葉嘉瑩與柯慶明對《人間詞話》「境界」說的詮釋

Ye Jiaying and Ke Qingming's Observations on the Theory of a ＂Mental Vista＂

張豔(Zhang, Yan)

《淡江中文學報》 43期 (2020/12) Pp. 275-303

https://doi.org/10.6187/tkujcl.202012_(43).0009

摘要

在眾多的《人間詞話》研究中，葉嘉瑩、柯慶明兩位教授皆由美學的路向出發，有系統地詮釋王國維「境界」說。二人之論述深具特色，頗受研究者之關注。葉嘉瑩以「直觀」概念解說《人間詞話》前八則，並據「興發感動」說判斷第九則中「興趣」、「神韻」與「境界」三說的異同；柯慶明則始終以「直觀」概念闡發前九則的意涵，並藉此詮釋「興趣」、「神韻」與「境界」的關係。繼美學之後，二人又從倫理學的角度，深入掘發「境界」說的內蘊。不過，葉嘉瑩以融和美感判斷與道德判斷的「真誠」說，闡釋王國維對於文學本質的看法；柯慶明則由「直觀」引申出「真理」說，用以觀照王國維匯通西方美學的文學思想。事實上，葉嘉瑩與柯慶明有關「境界」說的論述，不僅是對於王國維文學思想的補充，同時也具有各自的理論體系意義。本文分自「『直觀』與『興發感動』的美學觀照」、「『真誠』與『真理』的倫理學觀照」兩層次，嘗試建構葉、柯二人的詮解模式，並闡述該模式的理論體系意義。

關鍵字

葉嘉瑩 ； 柯慶明 ； 《人間詞話》 ； 美學 ； 倫理學

並列摘要

Among the numerous researchers on the ＂Poetic Remarks in the Human World＂ (Renjian Cihua), Ye Jiaying (Florence Chia-ying Yeh) and Ke Qingming both took the aesthetic route to systematically analyze the meaning of Wang Guowei's theory of a ＂mental vista＂ (jingjie). Their analyses are ground-breaking and very influential among researchers. Ye utilized the ＂intuition＂ concept to explain the first eight remarks of the ＂Poetic Remarks in the Human World ＂, and the ＂inspiring and moving＂ (xingfa gandong) concept to compare and contrast theories of ＂inspired interests＂ (xingqu), ＂spiritual resonance＂ (shenyun) and of ＂mental vista＂ to support the ninth remark. Instead, Ke consistently explored the meaning of the first nine remarks with the ＂intuition＂ concept. From the aesthetic analyses, the two scholars proceeded to further illustrate the significance of the theory of a ＂mental vista＂ on the ethical dimension. However, Ye employed the ＂sincerity＂ concept similar to the Confucian thinking of integrating aesthetic judgment and moral judgment, to demonstrate Wang Guowei's view on the essence of literature. Ke derived the ＂truth＂ concept from the ＂intuition＂ concept, to demonstrate how Wang Guowei integrated western aesthetic theories. In fact, Ye and Ke' s discussions about the theory of a ＂mental vista＂ not only complemented Wang's literary thought, but acquired significance within their own respective theoretical frameworks. This paper constructs Ye and Ke's interpretative modes on the aesthetic dimension regarding ＂intuition＂ and ＂inspiring and moving,＂ and on the ethical dimension regarding ＂sincerity＂ and ＂truth,＂ to explore the theoretical significance of these modes.

並列關鍵字

Ye Jiaying ； Ke Qingming ； ＂Poetic Remarks in the Human World＂ ； Aesthetics ； Moral Philosophy

參考文獻

王國維：《王國維全集》（杭州：浙江教育出版社，2009 年）。

石沖白：《作為意志和表象的世界》（北京：商務出版社，1982 年初版）。

佛雛：《王國維詩學研究》（北京：北京大學出版社，1999 年）。

柯慶明：《境界的再生》（臺北：幼獅文化，1977 年）。

柯慶明：《文學美綜論》（臺北：長安出版社，1986 年）。