藉公共領域建立自主性（上）：對西方公／私區分語意及結構之探討

Building Autonomy through the Public Sphere, Part I: An Examination of the Public Private Semantics and Their Related Societal Structures in the West

湯志傑(Chih-Chieh Tang)

《政治與社會哲學評論》 10期 (2004/09) Pp. 121-184

https://doi.org/10.6523/168451532004090010004

摘要

藉由探討西方的公／私區分，本文旨在建立一個反省華人政治優位性傳統的參考架構。從系統理論運作建構論的觀點出發，本文審視了西方據以界定「公」的幾種不同區分圖式：公民權、統治權、社交公共生活及無私的、工具取向的活動領域。同時，本文把這些語意擺回它們所鑲嵌的歷史、社會脈絡，探究它們與社會結構有何相互影響的關係。藉此，本文說明了，隨著社會形構從城邦、帝國、封建到功能分化的轉變，公／私語意曾如何反映或引領了社會結構的改變。透過對西方經驗的分析，本文發現，在政治中再區分出政治、行政與公眾等不同取向，承認「私」中的公共性，以及以作為功能系統內環境的公共領域來活化改革的動能、強化社會自我組織的能力，是社會得以具有自主性的重要根源。

關鍵字

公／和區分 ； 公共領域 ； 公共性 ； 運作建構論 ； 社群 ； 社會 ； 市民社會

並列摘要

This article examines the public/private distinctions in the West, in order to build a frame of reference for a reflection about the Chinese tradition of political primacy. Guiding by the system theoretical approach of the operative constructivism, this article examines the different schemes of distinction that defined the publicity from citizenship, sovereignty, sociability as public life and the impersonal, instrumentalism-oriented activity areas. Putting these semantics back into the historical-societal contexts that they were embedded in, this article investigates at the same time the relations between them and the societal structures. By this way this article explains how the public/private semantics reflected or leaded the changes of societal structures in the course of transformation of societal formations from polis via empire and feudalism to functional differentiated society. With this analysis of the western experiences, this article finds that the following factors are fundamental to the autonomy of society: to distinguish the different orientations of politics, administration and the public in the political; to recognize the publicity in the private; to activate the reforming dynamics and to strengthen the self-organizing ability of society by way of the public sphere as internal environment of the function systems.

並列關鍵字

public/private distinction ； public sphere ； publicity ； operative constructivism ； community ； society ； civil society

參考文獻

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