利用問卷調查與儀器量測評估清潔人員肌肉骨骼傷害盛行率

近年國內勞工因工作導致肌肉骨骼不適的比例日益增多，其中清潔人員又屬肌肉骨骼不適的高風險群，然國內對清潔人員肌肉骨骼問題之研究甚少，或多以問卷進行調查，鮮少利用儀器進行實際暴露之量測。本研究利用北歐肌肉骨骼問卷調查表(Nordic Muscleskeletal Questionnaire, NMQ)對180名清潔人員進行肌肉骨骼問卷訪視，並選取若干自願者進行軟式電子量角器(Flexible Electro-goniometry, FEG)與表面肌電訊號感測元件(Electromyography, EMG)，量測項目分別為一般掃地、靜電掃地與拖地三項清潔工作。問卷結果顯示：身體各部位肌肉骨骼不適前四位分別為手或手腕 (41.7%)、肩膀 (41.1%)、下背或腰 (37.8%)及手肘 (33.3%)，症狀多以痠痛 (67.9%)為主。儀器量測結果顯示拖地時手腕運動頻率最高，15.2%受測者其用力度高於OSHA規定之15% MVC。研究結果顯示清潔人員肌肉骨骼不適與工作中感到時間壓力、工作無趣且無法獲得新鮮感及工作成就感有關，建議相關單位可針對打掃工具進行改良、增加休息時間與員工教育訓練等方面舒緩清潔人員身體不適之狀況，且可有效降低清潔從業人員身體與心理之負荷。

關鍵字

人因工程；清潔人員；北歐肌肉骨骼問卷；軟式電子量角器；表面肌電訊號感測元件；社會心理

並列摘要

Cleaners are one of the high-risk groups of musculoskeletal disorders. Due to the lack of research on musculoskeletal problems in cleaners in Taiwan and the fact that most previous studies were usually carried out through questionnaire surveys only, this study is aimed to, by using questionnaires and instrumental measurements, investigate the musculoskeletal disorders among cleaners in Taiwan. 180 cleaners were approached to complete the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Several volunteers were randomly selected to measure the angle changes in wrist and elbow and potential of the nerves or muscles, by using Flexible Electro-goniometry (FEG) and Electromyography (EMG), while performing sweeping, electrostatic sweeping and mopping. The top four body parts with the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort are hands/wrists (41.7%), shoulders (41.1%), lower back/waist (37.8%), and elbows (33.3%). The majority (67.9%) of the symptom is sore and pain of the body parts. While cleaners performing different tasks, the results indicated that mopping has significantly the highest wrist repetitiveness. And their wrist flexion/extension angles were greater than the tailors’. 15.2% of cleaners’ muscular load monitoring during measurement are more than 15% MVC that recommended by OSHA. Cleaners’ severe pain showed strong associations with working time pressure, monotony of work, and job satisfaction. It’s suggested that ergonomic design of cleaning tools, increase breaking time, and training cleaning skills. Development of those strategies in cleaning work can significantly contribute to the reduction of physical and psychosocial stressors which will in turn improve the well-being and health of cleaners.

並列關鍵字

human factor ； cleaner ； Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire ； Flexible Electro-goniometry ； Electromyography ； Psychosocial factors

參考文獻

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國際替代計量

利用問卷調查與儀器量測評估清潔人員肌肉骨骼傷害盛行率

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