近年來在環保意識逐漸高漲,以及政府大力提倡環保之下,企業不能再單以創新做為衡量競爭力的主要指標,必須將環保議題也納入其中,因此,如何有效的利用資源回收與再生來降低相關的物料成本,對提高企業競爭力而言,是一項非常重要因素。除此之外,企業若能成功將上下游的廠商整合成一完整供應鏈系統,不但可以使企業的競爭力提昇,也可以使供應鏈中的成員獲利,以求達到雙贏的局面。 本論文研究的對象主要是以單一週期存貨、生命週期固定且銷售期短暫的商品為主。研究的目的是將傳統的報童問題加以擴充,在商品具回收性的情況下,加入含有不良品的條件及數量折扣的條件,來探討單期存貨決策模式對於期望利潤在製造商與零售商利潤獨立和利潤合併二種情況下之最佳訂購量。本研究建立問題的數學模式,以存貨理論及相關機率與統計理論為基礎並使用數學軟體Maple尋找出在最大化總利潤下的最佳解,並透過數值範例與敏感度分析來瞭解影響系統之關鍵參數。從本研究的模式建構、數值範例與敏感度分析中,驗證出在通路整合下的利潤會高於未整合前,故可明顯得知,若以整個供應鏈的利潤來考量,可以獲得更多的利潤,以達到通路整合的目的。
There is an increasing environmental consciousness in recent years. Governments begin to have law on environmental protection. Enterprises must include environmental protection in their innovation and production development. Resource recovery and regeneration to reduce the relevant materials cost effectively is a very important approach to raise enterprise's competitiveness. In addition, enterprises should integrate upstream with downstream to promote the enterprises competitiveness and benefit supply chain members in a win-win situation. In this research, we consider a single-period of product with a fixed life cycle and short selling period. Our study extends classical newsboy problem with reusable items considering imperfect items and quantity discount. The optimum order quantity is derived for cases with or without collaboration. The model development is based on inventory theory, probability and statistic theory, and use mathematics software to derive the optimal solution which maximizes the system total profit. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are carried out to analyze the influence of the inventory system. From numerical examples, it is shown that profit with collaboration is higher than profit without collaboration. Obviously, collaboration is an approach to achieve the objective of the integrated manufacturer-retailer channel.