脫離日本國籍相關問題之研究--兼論日本國憲法與舊金山和約

國際法原則上要求每一個人都要是屬於某一個國家之國民，此既所謂「國籍單一原則」，國籍影響到國際法上國家與個人之間的管轄與保護問題。隨著兩岸交流的頻繁，僅管目前政府對兩岸政策採取「不統不獨，維持現狀」的方式，但就歷史的長期演進而言，所謂不統亦只是暫時的不統，所謂不獨亦只是暫時的不獨，兩岸問題終究非統即獨，不論未來兩岸係採「聯邦」、「邦聯」、或「獨立建國」，居住在台灣島上的人，必將面臨國籍的選擇問題。茲以清廷與日本簽訂「馬關條約」為例，日本在處理台灣領域變動時，有關台灣住民的國籍變更係採兩年內台灣住民得自由攜帶財產離開台灣，選擇不做日本國民，但未離開者即視同為日本國民的方式處理。未來生活在台灣的住民亦會面臨選擇國籍與脫離國籍之自由，而日本國憲法第22條第2項載明：「任何人遷往外國或脫離國籍之自由，不得侵犯之。」之內容，正可提供有關國籍變更時的論證依據與思考空間。

關鍵字

脫離國籍；國籍單一原則

並列摘要

International law is founded on a principle that demands that each individual is of a specific citizenship of whichever state. Citizenship concerns the issues of sovereignty, and protection amongst states and individuals. Given the increasing contact across the Taiwan Strait, it seems that the observance of the current status quo of “no (re)unification and no independence” actually insinuates temporary de jure non-unified and de facto independent status. The cross-Strait issues will eventually reach clear-cut solutions, leaving the island-state’s population in Taiwan faced with the dilemma of nationality in terms of whether the two parties will be unified as a federation or confederation, or simply end up as different states. The Treaty of Shimonoseki signed by the Qing Dynasty and the Empire of Japan, for instance, dictated that the local residents of Taiwan may alter their citizenship within two years if they opt to abandon Japanese citizenship and leave Taiwan with their assets by the designated period, or otherwise they will be treated as Japanese citizens. It seems that the Taiwanese will come across the same choices of whether to keep or abandon their original citizenship. Article 22-2 of the Constitution of Japan mandates that “freedom of all persons to move to a foreign country and to divest themselves of their nationality shall be inviolate,” which provides a legal ground of reference and paves a way for further deliberation on the subject matter.