越南胡志明市華裔福鄉人的族語教育狀況之研究

自十九世紀末起，有一大批從中國遷移越南的華裔族群。目前，這些華裔族群被越南政府通稱「華人」，屬於越南五十三個少數民族之一。根據於2009年越南少數民族人口普查的結果，越南華人的人口是823,071人（男：421,883人；女：401,188人），占了大約1%總人數1。在法律上，現在越南華人拿越南國籍（屬於華族／漢族，是越南五十三個少數民族之一）。越南華人大多數集中在越南的南部特別是在胡志明市（西貢），其中，第五郡被認為是越南華人居住最密集的地區。目前，越南胡志明市華人分成五幫包括：廣東幫、潮州幫、福建幫、客家幫與海南幫。移居越南南部之後，華人一方面努力適應了當地生活環境，一方面維持自己的文化與語言。關於華人族語教育狀況之議題，因為受到歷史背景、社會變動與分布狀況等原因之影響，目前，雖該族群仍維持教導族語的狀況，但已有很多變動了。其中，福鄉會館是維持教導族語給下一代的先鋒單位之一。本文主要探討胡志明市華裔福鄉人的族語教育之狀況及本土化（越南化）現象。

關鍵字

華人；福鄉人；族語教育；越南；西貢

並列摘要

At the end of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, there were many Chinese immigrants who moved to Vietnam. Today, Chinese immigrants and their descendants have become one of the fifty-threes ethnic minority groups in Vietnam. They are currently categorized by the Vietnamese government as Hoa People (người Hoa) or ethnic Chinese. According to the results of the census of ethnic minorities in Vietnam in 2009, the Chinese population is 823,071 (male: 421,883; female: 401,188) in Vietnam, accounting for approximately 1% of the total number. Nowadays, ethnic Chinese now take Vietnamese nationality (belonging to Chinese/Han nationality, one of the 53 ethnic minorities in Vietnam). They mainly inhabit in Southern Vietnam, especially in District 5, Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon). At present, ethnic Chinese in Saigon are categorized into five groups including Cantonese, Hokkien, Teochew, Hainan, and Hakka. After immigrating to southern Vietnam, the Chinese people on the one hand try their best to integrate into the local society, on the other hand, maintain their own culture and language. In terms of ethnic language education, due to historical background, social changes and distribution conditions, the ethnic language has been taught in Chinese community, but many changes have been made today. Among them, Hokkien Assembly Hall is considered a pioneer unit that maintains the teaching of ethnic languages to the next generation. This article mainly surveys the current state of ethnic language education and Vietnamization of Hokkien people in Ho Chi Minh City.

並列關鍵字

ethnic Chinese ； Hokkien people ； ethnic language education ； Vietnam ； Saigon

國際替代計量

越南胡志明市華裔福鄉人的族語教育狀況之研究

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