東亞藥典收載方藥初探

藥品管理最基本的依據是藥典，最早的傳統醫學藥品藥典紀錄，是唐帝國在西元659年（顯慶四年）官方編纂《本草》（《新修本草》）。此為世界上首部由國家政府機關頒佈、具有法律效力之藥學專著，目前被認為是最早的藥典，並有敦煌出土文物與相關文獻典籍的證據支持。歐美地區頒佈之藥典，亦多收載生藥及衍生物品項。各國重視藥安，也對生藥相關規範逐年增加。近年來，日本發生小柴胡湯事件，台灣馬兜鈴酸及鉛丹鉛中毒事件，在管理層面上，顯示出對於中藥之相關管理非常重要、且應該重視。台灣中藥典目前裏頭收載基準方200方，為臨床常用方劑，亦是藥廠濃縮生藥細粒製劑（科學中藥）參考依歸，東亞台灣、日本、中國大陸三藥典，是藥品生產、檢驗、供應、使用和監督管理法定依據，在內涵上有逐年逐版增加的趨勢，本研究以東亞三國藥典收載方藥，系統性探討其共同方（以桔梗湯為例）之變化、並分析藥品基本狀況，期以豐富臨床內涵為目的，並使下一版藥典修訂時有另一面向的資料可攷，為全民健康有所貢獻。

關鍵字

方劑處方；生藥；藥典

並列摘要

The basic guideline for drug management is the pharmacopoeia. The earliest traditional herbal pharmacopeia record was Tang-Benciao, officially compiled by the Tang Empire in 659. This was the first pharmaceutical monograph promulgated by a national government agency with legal effect all over the world. It currently considered to be the earliest pharmacopeia and was supported by evidence in Dunhuang unearthed cultural relics and other related documents. Pharmacopeia promulgated in Europe and the United States also include crude drugs and derivatives. Countries attach importance to drug safety, and regulations on crude drugs are increasing year by year. Recently, the incident of Xiao-Chia-Hu-Tang in Japan and the poisoning of aristolochic acid accident in Taiwan have shown that the management of herbal medicine is very important and should be paid attention to. The Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopoeia (THP) currently contains 200 standard prescriptions, all of which are commonly used in clinical practice, and are also referenced by pharmaceutical companies for concentrated crude drug fine-grained preparations. This paper aims to systematically explore the origin, the evolution of the formulae/prescriptions and the changes in common clinical crude drugs. We hope the next edition of the pharmacopeia will have another aspect of the data to be refered, which will contribute to the health of the whole people in Taiwan.