揭開理想飛行員人格之面紗

To Uncover the Veil of Ideal Pilot Personality

程千芳(Chian-Fang Grace Cherng)

《中華民國航空醫學暨科學期刊》 17卷1期 (2003/06) Pp. 3-13

https://doi.org/10.7011/JAMSRC.200306.0003

摘要

以航空意外事件來分析，將近七成的事故係導致於人為因素。是故，人為因素成為目前國內外從事飛安工作的首要研究對象。在眾多人為因素中，個體的性格實又對於個體之心理與行為扮演極關鍵性的角色。因此，本研究之目的即在於了解飛行員所認定的理想的飛行員性格特質，作為後續人員甄選及訓練之參考和依據。
本研究共有444位三軍飛行員參與問卷調查，其中420位為男性；參與者中的104位為陸軍，41位為海軍，296位為空軍。他們先被要求針對42個人格特質進行評定其與飛行員工作之重要性或相關性。其次，他們也被要求評定18對人格特質描繪圖中，理想的飛行員應有之人格組型。
經過上述兩組的人格特質因素分析結果，皆反應出飛行員的人格可分為三個因素：一為維安特質或好的飛行員特質，另一為危安特質或不好的飛行員特質，第三則為不相關的人格特質。此等結果與西方Bowles (2000)和Chidester等人(1991)之研究結果相呼應，惟三因素的成份內涵與西方之三因素並不盡相同。未來應可依據此三大因素意涵，設計適用於國人飛行員之人格測量工具，以增進具預測力與文化契合性。

關鍵字

飛行員人格 ； 航空安全 ； 飛行員甄選

並列摘要

With regard to aviation safety, there are about 70% accidents caused by human factors. As such, human factors play a main role for improving aviation safety. In terms of human factors and behavior, a person's personality is still the key factor to explore. Therefore, the main goal of the present study is to discover what ideal pilot personality is in the views of flight pilots. There were 420 military pilots, 97.2% were males, participated in the current study. Amongst them, 104 were the army, 41 were the navy, and 296 belonged to the Air Force. First, they were asked to response 42 traits in terms of their relations to flight performance. The results had shown that the most important traits were related to stress tolerate, self-control, self-affirmation, cooperation, emotional stability, etc. In contrast, some traits were related to unsafe performance. They were invulnerability, machismo complex, resignation, impulsiveness, etc. Secondly, each of them was asked to draw a profile, similar to Cattell's 16PF, to display the ideal pilot personality. The results had shown that the participants held the ideal pilot personality as warmth, intelligence, emotional stability, persistence, boldness, self-sufficiency, and such. The discrepancy between ideal and real pilot personality was discussed based on the current results. Further study and the importance of design an indigenous-pilot-personality-measurement were also address.

並列關鍵字

pilot personality ； aviation safety ； pilot selection