履帶式玉米聯合收穫機之研究

Studies on Track-type Corn Combine

鄭榮瑞(J. J. Cheng) ； 施清田(C. T. Shin) ； 陳萬福(W. F. Chen) ； 盧子淵(T. I. Lu) ； 馮丁樹(D. S. Fon) ； 朱元南(Y. N. Chu) ； 曾得洲(D. C. Tseng)

《臺南區農業改良場研究彙報》 32期 (1995/12) Pp. 76-95

https://doi.org/10.29558/XLZY.199512.0007

摘要

為促進國內玉米收穫達到全面機械化，紓解農村勞力之不足，有效降低玉米之生產成本。本研究根據台灣地區農業環境與玉米生產條件，完成本土化玉米聯合收穫機的開發。其作業流程為玉米摘穗－含苞葉脫粒－輸送選別－暫存裝袋。主要作業機構包括：摘穗組、含苞葉脫粒組、輸送選別、回收與裝袋裝置及履帶式操控與行走底盤等四大部份，引擎馬力使用43馬力柴油引擎，前進、後退採用無段變速，行走速度每小時約1～7.2公里。採用履帶行走底盤，操作靈活，越野性優異，對土壤的壓實性小，極適於集團栽培田區或雨後玉米田搶收。收穫作業一次採收二行，適收行距70至90公分，株距不限；玉米籽粒在含水率36～28%最適採收；摘穗、脫粒及裝袋一次作業同時完成。具有收穫之玉米籽粒損傷率低、清潔度高及玉米完整粒率高等特點。機械作業田間總損失約6%。機械作業能力每小時可達0.3公頃，機械作業成本每公頃約4,500元。與人工收穫作業方式比較，作業工時可節省96%；每公頃收穫作業成本可節省7,500～10,000元。

關鍵字

履帶式 ； 玉米 ； 聯合收穫機

並列摘要

To promote the mechanization of corn harvesting, Solve the labor shortage, and decrease the corn production costs are purposes of this study. Based on the cultivation of corn and the harvesting condition of corn in Taiwan, a track-type corn combine was developed at Tainan DAIS in 1994. The corn combine performs the following operations, in sequence: snapping, shelling, conveying, clearing and bagging. The principal operation components include snapping unit, shelling unit, conveying and separating unit, recollecting and bagging unit, track type operating unit. The machine with hydrostatic transmission used 43 HP diesel enging. The travel speed varied form 1 km per hour to 7.2 kms per hour. The advantage of track type are easy controlling, excellent field movement and small soil compressibility. Those are suited for group field and harvesting after rainy day. The performance of this machine includes two rows in one harvesting processing, limitless hill space within row. Results of the testings indicated that the optimim harvesting corn kernel moisture between 28% and 36%, snapping, shelling and bagging finish simulaneously, low kernel, crackage, high cleaning of kernel, high percentage of whole kernel. The total field loss is 6% by the machine. The working capacity was 0.3 hectare per hour. The harvesting costs is 4,500 NT dollars per hectare. In comparison with farm workers, this machine can save 96% working hours and harvesting costs 7,500~10,000 NT dollars per hectare.

並列關鍵字

track-type ； corn ； combine