臺商對兩岸產業競爭力認知之調查研究－以麥可波特“鑽石模式”為理論基礎

The Relative Industrial Competitiveness between Taiwan and China: An Empirical Survey based on Porter's Diamond

陳正男(Cheng-Nan Chen) ； 譚大純(David D. C. Tarn)

《管理評論》 19卷1期 (2000/01) Pp. 1-29

https://doi.org/10.6656/MR.2000.19.1.CHI.1

摘要

有鑑於學界對國家競爭力並無妥適的衡量工具、IMD「世界競爭力報導」的若干缺點，以及揭露臺灣與大陸相對產業競爭力的必要性，本文遂沿襲陳正男與譚大純（民86）的初探工作，以Porter (1990)「鑽石模式」及「雙鑽石模式」為基礎，建構一套衡量臺灣－大陸產業競爭力之量表，並驗證之。在三位學界專家及12位業界人士的意見下，建構了一套五因子、12構念、31題項之量表。103個有效樣本的實證結果指出，新量表具有高度的收斂效度及中高度的鑑別效度。本研究選取大陸臺商對資源「施與」或「接受」的程度作為效標，發現新量表具中度的效標效度。另外也發現臺商在大陸有高度的「育苗傾向」，卻僅有低度的學習、合作和利用傾向。結果亦指出臺灣的產業競爭條件普遍較大陸具有優勢，特別是在相關與支援性產業及經營策略方面；但政府的低度支持和優惠是劣勢所在。最後亦提出對結果的討論，並指出後續研究方向。

關鍵字

產業競爭力 ； 雙鑽石模式 ； 量表化 ； 兩岸研究

並列摘要

Due to the lack of valid measurement for measuring national competitiveness (CN), some shortcomings of IMD's ”World Competitiveness Report,” and the need to disclose the comparative CN between Taiwan and Mainland China, this study follows Chen & Tarn's (1997), which pays effort to the measurement of CN, to measure Porter's (1990) ”Diamond,” and the modified ”Double Diamond.” With the guidance from three scholars and 12 practitioners, a five-determinants, 12-construct, 31-item scale is built. The 103-observation empirical evidence shows good convergent validity and moderate discriminate validity for the new scale. This study selects the ”Giving-Taking Level” of Taiwan- owned firms that operate in Mainland China (TFC5) as criterion, and lists moderate criterion validity. The results also show that TFCs ”give” too much to but ”take” less from mainland, and Taiwan is more competitive than mainland, especially on the related and supporting industries, and strategic capability owned by the business. Some discussions and future directions are also pointed out.

並列關鍵字

Industry-specific competitiveness ； Porter's Double Diamond ； Scale Construction ； Taiwan-China Study

參考文獻

Bellak, Christian J.,Weiss, Andreas(1993).A note on the Austrian 'diamond'.Management International Review.33(2)

Buckley, P. J.,Casson, M.(1985).The Economic Theory of the Multinational Enterprise.London:Macmillan.

Cartwright, W. R.(1993).Multiple Linked 'Diamonds' and the International Competitiveness of Export-Dependent Industries: The New Zealand Experience.Management International Review.33(2)

Darroch, James L.,Litvak, Isaiah A.(1992).Diamonds and Money.Business Quarterly.56(3)

Dunning, J. H.(1980).Toward an Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Tests.Journal of International Business Studies.11(Spr. / Sum.)