人因工程學與飛航安全

Human Factors and Aviation Safety

李文進

《中華民國航空醫學會刊》 11卷1期 (1997/12) Pp. 35-47

https://doi.org/10.7011/TAMAROC.199712.0035

摘要

「安全」是所有飛航活動中最重要的課題，「零失事率」是各飛航組織所追求的目標。然而，由於參與飛航活動的組織體系龐大複雜，包括了飛行、維修、航管、及氣象等人員，所以「人爲因素」所造成的意外事件仍佔所有意外事件的70%以上。而所謂的「人爲因素」都是可以事先預防的人爲疏失，如飛行員操作不當、疏忽大意、處置錯誤、航管人員疏失、維修人員疏忽及各單位溝通不良等。因此，人因工程學(Human Factors)已被認爲是未來增進飛航安全的核心。
本文的重點在探討人因工程學與飛航安全之關係，研究的範圍包括飛行員的心理狀態、溝通、判斷與決策、領導統御與協調合作能力、空間迷向、及機艙資源管理。因爲人因工程學是一門新興的科學，是研究人在工作環境中如何追求最有效率之表現，以期人與機器、裝備密切合作，達到「操作最便、效率最高、成本最低、安全最佳」之目標。因此，更應積極地投入心力來研究，以維護飛航安全。

關鍵字

人因工程學 ； 人爲因素 ； 飛航安全 ； 機艙資源管理

並列摘要

”Safety” is the most important issue in the flight. The aim of ”zero accident” is pursued by each aviation organization. Yet there is a giant system involving the aviation activities. This aviation organizational system consists of flying pilots, maintenance staff, air traffic controlers and meteorologists. Hence, according to the statistics incidents or accidents caused by ”human elements” are averaged 70%. The human elements are mistakes of human being which could be prevented in advance, such like inappropriate operation by pilots, lack of alertness, judgment mistake, negligence by the ATC, negligence by the maintenance staff, and communication mistake between each group. Therefore, human factors is the core topic of the aviation safety for the time being.
The emphasis of the research is looking for the relationship between human factors and aviation safety. The range of this research is from psychological factors of pilot, communication, judgment and decision- making, leadership and coordination, and crew resources managenent. The human factors is a science which is flourishing recently, is researching how to reach the best performance with optimun efficiency in the working environment in order that the close co-operation between human being and machine. It's going to meet the goal of 『the most comvenience of operation, the hightest efficiency, the lowest cost, and the best safety』. Therefore, it's obvious to make effors in the research in human factors so as to protect aviation safety.

並列關鍵字

Human Factors ； Human elements ； Aviation Safety ； Crew Resources Management