The transformation of Chinese 'hegemonic control' over Xinjiang has provoked disturbance over several decades. Chinese determination to incorporate Xinjiang was represented in a series of political conceptions in history [from Xiyu or West Region, Xinjiang (province), East Turkistan (Islamic State to Republic), Doganstan, Kotan Emirate, Three District Revolution, and the current Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region], and those changes in naming Xinjiang also signify the creation and development of modern Uyghur ethnicity and nationalism. The policy priority for the current Chinese authority is to uphold 'national unity' and probably follows with a reformation of Chinese nationhood, which complicates the current ethnic relations in Xinjiang and produces inconsistency and confusion in minority policy. The crisis revealed in the disturbance of the Urumqi 5(superscript th) of July, 2009 further reassures not only the tendency of mutual deprivation and voluntary segregation between Uyghur and Han in Xinjiang and elsewhere in China, but also the failure to persuade and cooperate with local elites who are crucial to facilitate China's successful control over Xinjiang.