- 期刊
運動對自律神經系統的影響
The Influence of Exercise on Autonomic Nervous System
摘要
運動會造成心血管與自律神經系統的變化，耐力型的運動，例如長跑或長距離游泳會使心臟處於容積過負荷，造成左心室舒張容積增加與心壁厚度等比例的增加，而爆發型的運動，例如舉重則會使心臟處於壓力過負荷狀態，造成左心室壁增厚，長期耐力型的運動可以使高血壓患者因為交感神經活性的降低造成平均血壓下降5 到10 毫米汞柱，而爆發型的運動卻會使高血壓患者血壓上升，顯然運動的類型會造成心血管與自律神經系統的不同應變，甚至有相反的效應。 運動復健常被使用於慢性病患者，例如心肌梗塞和慢性阻塞性肺疾，既然運動的類型會造成心血管與自律神經系統的不同應變，已有研究顯示長期運動會使交感神經活性下降，而副交感神經活性上升，這是有利於慢性病患者的復健，然而這類研究並未對運動的類型加以區分，因此運動的類型對自律神經系統的調控方式是否不同，不僅在學理上值得探討，在臨床應用上也有其重要性。 本研究運用心率變異度分析法，針對耐力型運動員，爆發型運動員及非運動員各15名的男性，進行研究比較，結果發現運動員的平均心跳間期比非運動員長，而不同類型的運動員間則無顯著差異；高頻功率比以耐力型運動員最高，低高頻功率比則有相反之傾向。我們的結果證實不同類型的運動會造成不同的自律神經系統反應，耐力型的運動員會使副交感神經活性上升，交感神經活性下降。若為增加副交感神經活性而開立運動處方時，以耐力型運動為宜。
並列摘要
Physical training causes physiological changes in cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system adaptation mechanisms. Endurance exercise, such as long-distance running or swimming, resembles volume overload and causes an increase in left ventricular diastolic volume and proportional left ventricular wall thickness. Strength exercise, such as weightlifting or wrestling, resembles pressure overload and causes an increase in wall thickness. Regular endurance exercise results in a 5 to 10 mmHg reduction in blood pressure, accompanied by, and probably related to, a fall in sympathetic nervous activity. Strength exercise may be harmful to the hypertensive patient, during an isometric contraction, blood pressure rise often to high level reflexly. Since the cardiovascular and autonomic adaptation is different in different types of exercise and may have opposite effect in patients, the prescriptions of exercise in patients should be cautious. Therefore, the aim of this study was to exam and compare among the effects of different exercise training on heart rate variability (HRV) indexes. Forty five young male subjects were recruited and divided into the three groups on the basis of physical exercise training types, namely power exercise training(15),endurance exercise training(15)and sedentary as control group (15). Resting HRV was measured during supine position, and it was assessed using time and frequency domain measures. Both power and endurance exercise groups had significantly lower heart rate than those of control group. Endurance group showed a significantly higher normalized high frequency power (nHFP) than other two groups, and also had the lowest normalized low frequency power (nLFP) and the ratio of LFP/HFP among three groups. Our results suggested that different types of exercise would exert different autonomic response. Endurance exercise might enhance parasympathetic activity and suppress sympathetic activity. If exercise regimen was prescribed to increase parasympathetic activity, endurance exercise rather than power exercise should be considered because of its parasympathetic enhancing effect.