誰的媒體？誰的言論自由？－解嚴後近用媒介權的發展

Whose Media? Whose Freedom of Speech?-The Right of Access to Media in Post-Martial Law Era

洪貞玲(Chen-Ling Hung)

《臺灣民主季刊》 3卷4期 (2006/12) Pp. 1-36

https://doi.org/10.6448/TDQ.200612.0001

摘要

臺灣政治解嚴後的媒體解禁、電波開放，造成媒體百花齊放，近年來的新聞自由評比已列民主國家之林。然而，媒體開放下的表現仍備受批評，而人民近用媒介權利是否因媒體開放而得以強化，仍是一大疑問。本文即回顧臺灣解嚴之後的傳播政策及媒體發展，主要聚焦於近用媒介權，引介國際間的討論，並檢討我國相關規範不足之處，建議應建構以近用權為核心的傳播法制。本文認為，我國在解嚴前國家控制媒體，解嚴後則是國家放任媒體惡性競爭，一般公民的近用權難以伸張，亦損及臺灣公民社會之發展。因此，主張國家除了消極避免不當干預媒體之外，亦應積極建構以公民近用權為核心的傳播管制架構，以維護集體的言論自由。

關鍵字

公民社會 ； 言論自由 ； 近用媒介 ； 傳播權

並列摘要

After lifting martial law, the Taiwanese government's deregulation of the media contributed to an increasing number of media outlets, which elevated the level of Taiwan's freedom of the press to those of other democratic countries. However, it is doubtful that the media's performance has served democracy by ensuring the citizens' right of access to the media. In light of the above concerns, this article reviews the development of the Taiwanese government's communications policy and the Taiwanese media industry with a focus on the citizens' right of access to the media. Based on the introduction of principal theses and the examination of related regulations and their enforcement, this article finds that there is insufficient protection of the citizens' right of access to the media in Taiwan. This article argues that under martial law the government placed the media under its control, and then after deregulation left the media in vicious competition with one another in the market; both situations prevented citizens' access to the media and thus harmed the development of civil society. Therefore, this article insists that to ensure freedom of speech on the collective level, the state should avoid interfering with media operations on the one hand, and on the other hand positively build a regulatory framework that is centered on the citizens' right of access to the media.

並列關鍵字

access to media ； civil society ； communication rights ； freedom of speech

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