《訓民正音》語文政策與韓國文字之崛起

漢字文化圈的成員包含台灣、越南、韓國、日本、新加坡及中國等。這些國家在引進漢字一段時間後均發生漢字文言文無法充分表記當地語言的問題。爲了解決漢字文言文的不良問題，當地逐漸發展出新的文字系統。韓國目前使用的韓文即源自十五世紀世宗大王發明的諺文。在二十世紀前，諺文仍被視爲低俗的文字，直到1948年韓國獨立才讓韓文獲得官方正式語文的地位。隨著諺文被「逆轉勝」後，韓國人開始對外行銷諺文。韓國政府於1989年起出資於聯合國教科文組織設立「聯合國教科文組織世宗大王文字讀寫獎」以紀念世宗大王發明諺文。韓國政府更進一步將當初世宗大王公布使用諺文的《訓民正音》向聯合國教科文組織成功申請爲世界文化遺產。韓國是漢字文化圈內成功廢除漢字並恢復本土語言文字的案例之一。本論文將深入探討韓國從漢字文言文轉換成韓國文字的過程及其對台灣的啓示。

關鍵字

韓文；朝鮮文；諺文；音素文字；韓國；訓民正音

並列摘要

The Han character sphere, including Taiwan, Vietnam, Korea, Japan, Singapore and China, adopted Han characters and classical Han writing as the official written language before the twentieth century. However, the advent of the twentieth century brought along great changes. In Korea, Han characters were finally replaced by Korean Hangul after World War Ⅱ. Hangul is a phonemic writing system invented by King Sejong in the fifteenth century. Although Hangul was invented by King, it was regarded as a vulgar writing after King Sejong's death. The vulgar status of Hangul was not changed until 1948 when the Korean people achieved independence. The Korean government adopts Hangul as the official writing system. Moreover, the government has tried its effort to promote Hangul to the international communities. For example, the UNESCO King Sejong Literacy Prize was established in 1989 to commemorate King Sejong. In short, Korea is one of the cases to replace Han characters with phonemic writing system in Asia. This paper examines Korean orthographic transition in terms of literacy and nationalism. The survey reveals that both internal and external factors have contributed to the successful promotion of Hangul. Internal factors include the general public's demand for literacy and anti-feudal hierarchy. External factors include the political relationships between Korea and China.

並列關鍵字

Korean ； Chosengul ； Hangul ； phonemic writing ； Korea ； Hunmin-jong.um

參考文獻

Anderson, Benedict(1991).Imagined Communities.New York:Verso.

Google Scholar

Chiung, Wi-vun T.(2003).Learning Efficiencies for Different Orthographies: A Comparative Study of Han Characters and Vietnamese Romanization.University of Texas at Arlington.