男、女籃球選手成就目標取向、自覺能力與運動自信心之研究

Male and Female Basketball Players' Goal Orientation, Perceived Motivational Climate, Perceived Ability and the Sources of Sport Confidence

東方介德(Chie-Der Dongfang) ； 周泓瑜(Hung-Yu Chou) ； 季力康(Li-Kang Chi)

《大專體育學術專刊》 92年度 (上) (2003/06) Pp. 371-379

https://doi.org/10.6695/AUES.200306_92.0037

摘要

本研究之主要目的在探討不同性別高中籃球選手目標取向、知覺動機氣候、自覺能力、運動自信心來源與賽前自信心的差異、相關及影響。受試者為92年度參加高中聯賽（HBL）的男、女籃球選手，共174名，年齡平均為17.09±0.91歲。研究結果顯示：一、以獨立樣本t考驗發現：男、女選手在「知覺自我氣候」和運動自信心來源的「技巧精熟」、「展示能力」、「身體的自我呈現」都是男生比女生高。二、經簡單相關分析後發現：男、女的工作取向、知覺工作取向氣候及自覺能力與運動自信心來源的八個因素向度「技巧精熟」、「展示能力」、「身體的自我呈現」、「生理／心理準備」、「社會支持」、「替代經驗」及「教練領導」、「情境有利」及賽前自信心呈正相關；男選手的自我取向與運動自信心來源的「展示能力」、「身體的自我呈現」、「社會支持」呈正相關。女選手的知覺自我氣候與運動自信心來源的「展示能力」、「情境有利」呈正相關。女選手的自我取向及男選手的知覺自我氣候與運動自信心來源的八個因素向度及賽前自信心呈正相關。三、以逐步迴歸分析法處理後發現男選手的「工作取向」與「自覺能力」可有效預測賽前自信心，總變異量為23%，其中工作取向佔18%，自覺能力佔5%；女選手的「自覺能力」與「知覺工作氣候」可有效預測賽前自信心，總變其量為44%，其中自覺能力佔40%，知覺工作氣候佔4%。建議教練在從事訓練行為時，積極塑造工作取向氣候，對選手的運動自信心來源及賽前自信心會有正向的影響。

關鍵字

目標取向 ； 知覺運動動機氣候 ； 自覺能力 ； 運動自信心來源 ； 賽前自信心

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to discuss the variances and the relationship between male and female high school basketballs' goal orientation, perceived motivational climate, perceived ability, and the sources of their sport confidence. Participants of the study were 174 male and female basketball players who had played for the 2003 HBL Division-I Tournament. Their average age was 17.09 years old (SD= .91). Statistical methods that were applied in the study included a t-test analysis, simple correlation method, and stepwise regression analysis. Significant findings were summarized as following: (1) Male players had recorded higher scores in perceived ego-climate and the ”perfection of skills” and ”physical performance” factors of sport-confidence than female players did. (2) Both of male and female players' task orientation, perceived task-climate, and perceived ability were positively related to the eight factors of sport-confidence source, which included perfection of skills, demonstration of ability physical performance, physiological/psychological preparation, social support, vicarious experience, leadership styles of coaches, and positive environment. Male players' ego orientation was positively related to demonstration of ability, physical performance, and social support. Their perceived ego-climate was positively related to demonstration of ability, physical performance, physiological/psychological preparation, social support, vicarious experience, leadership styles of coaches, and positive environment. As for female players, their ego-orientation was positively related to demonstration of ability, physical performance, physiological/psychological preparation, social support, vicarious experience, leadership styles of coaches, and positive environment. Both vicarious experience and positive environment were positively related to females' perceived ego-climate. (3) Male players' perceived task climate could effectively predict the variables such as demonstration of ability, physical performance, social support, vicarious experience, leadership styles of coaches, and positive environment. Their task orientation could effectively predict variables of perfection of skills and physiological/psychological preparation. Female players' perceived task-climate was an effective predictor of perfection of skills, physical performance social support, vicarious experience, and positive environment. Their task-orientation was an effective predictor of demonstration of ability, physiological/psychological preparation leadership styles of coaches, and positive environment.The results of the study indicated that more confidence could be generated from a task-oriented environment. Players who were task-oriented also had more confidence. Therefore, the searchers suggest that sport coaches should work harder to create a task-oriented practice environment (climate) to enhance players' confidence.

並列關鍵字

goal orientation ； perceived motivation-climate ； perveived ability and source of sport confidence