勞工健康服務護理人員的工作狀況與角色困境

Working Conditions and Role Conflicts of Occupational Health Nurses

鐘翊華(YI-HUA CHUNG)

指導教授 ： 鄭雅文

國立臺灣大學/公共衛生學院/健康政策與管理研究所/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2015.00429

摘要

背景與目的：《職業安全衛生法》於2013年修法，強化勞工健康服務護理人員的功能，但亦可能增加其工作負荷；若雇主、勞工、勞工主管機關及職業安全衛生專業人員對其支持度不足，可能使勞工健康服務護理人員難以發揮其功能。本研究旨在瞭解勞工健康服務護理人員執行職業健康服務之處境，並探討勞工健康服務護理人員與雇主、勞工、勞工主管機關與其他職業安全衛生管理人員之互動及其角色困境。
方法：本研究以深度訪談進行資料收集。訪談對象為勞工健康服務護理人員，共訪談21位，但其中有1位受訪者於現職未滿一年，故未納入研究分析。
結果：研究發現分以下兩大主題呈現。在第一部份，本研究發現，勞工健康服務護理人員的業務繁雜，而非專業性業務占大部分工作時間。本研究也發現，勞工健康資料的管理權責模糊，可能衍生勞工隱私權保護與事業單位健康管理之倫理問題。
第二部分呈現勞工健康服務護理人員與其他角色之互動，發現雇主對此專業之態度，影響其工作業務及健康服務內容；勞工對自身健康認知，影響其接受職業健康服務的程度；其他職業健康專業人員對職業健康服務的瞭解程度，會影響其工作內容；勞動檢查人員對勞工健康服務護理人員業務的認知，亦會影響勞工健康服務護理人員的業務執行狀況。
結論：勞工健康服務護理人員執行法定業務時所面臨的阻礙，與事業單位的內部管理制度密切關聯。目前法律規範未落實且對事業單位所產生的壓力有限，使得勞工健康服務護理人員缺乏職業業務保障。

關鍵字

勞工健康服務護理人員 ； 職業健康服務 ； 職業健康管理 ； 角色困境

並列摘要

Background and purpose: The amended Occupational Safety and Health Act” of 2013 strengthens the functions of occupational health nurses (OHN) but may also lead to substantially increased their workloads. Without sufficient supports from employers, fellow workers, labor inspectors or other occupational health professionals, OHN will be unlikely to fulfill their duty as stipulated in laws. The purpose of this study was to understand OHNs’ working conditions and experiences and to explore how they interacted with employers, fellow workers, labor inspectors and other occupational health management personnel.
Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 21 occupational health nurses, but 1 subject with a work tenure of less than one year was excluded from analyses.
Result: Results were presented in two parts. In the first part, OHNs were found to be burdened with multiple work tasks, and non-professionally related work tasks occupied most of their work time. Findings of this study also revealed that the responsibility and restriction to gain access to occupational health data was not well defined, which may lead to ethical problems concerning privacy protection of workers and health management interests of enterprises. In the second part, it was found that work conditions of OHNs were greatly affected by how their employers and supervisors value the functions of occupational health services. Health knowledge of the fellow workersalso affected the functions of OHNs. Furthermore, how labor inspectors recognized the functions of OHNs played an important role.
Conclusion: Findings from this study suggested that OHN encountered multiple obstacles in performing their duty, and these obstacles were closely related to the management of the enterprises. The fact that OHS-related regulations are not fully enforced and their deterring functions are limited is the underlying cause of the obstacles faced by occupational health nurses.

並列關鍵字

Occupational health nurse ； occupational health services ； occupational health management ； role conflicts

參考文獻

洪瑜嬬、林佩蓁、潘純媚、陳秋蓉、何啟功、吳明蒼(2007)。護理人員的輪班工作與睡眠品質、身心健康及家庭功能之間的相關性。勞工安全衛生研究季刊，15，17-30。

秦唯珊、洪筱瑩、郭浩然、徐畢卿(2004)。認識職業衛生護理人員之現況工作。中華職業醫學雜誌，11，217-228。

張冠民、陳永煌、蘇文麟、劉紹興(1998)。勞工安全衛生法令責任。中華職業醫學雜誌，5，239-246。

張蓓貞(2014)。台灣職業衛生護理現況政策與趨勢。護理雜誌，61，29-35。doi: 10.6224/jn.61.3.29

陳芬苓(2005)。企業規模與實施職場健康促進之調查研究。台灣管理學刊，5，149-168。