從災難復原力觀點探討我國災後生活重建機制：以莫拉克風災為例

Disaster Resilience and the Establishment of Post-disaster Life Reconstruction Service System: the Case of Typhoon MorakotMorakot

鄭如君(Ju-Chun Cheng)

指導教授 ： 林萬億

國立臺灣大學/社會科學院/社會工作學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.01400

摘要

2009年8月8日發生莫拉克風災，重創南臺灣，我國於災後迅速立法、啟動重建工作，且參考九二一震災的經驗，設立生活重建服務中心提供受災地區6大面向的生活重建服務。生活重建是我國相當有特色的災後重建服務，也是與災區居民生活息息相關的重要機制。災難復原力觀點的參考與運用，是檢視受災地區生活成功重建的最佳指引。
本研究以質化研究為主，採質化訪談與檔案分析法蒐集研究資料，進行九二一震災和莫拉克風災生活重建機制的比較分析，並探討生活重建機制的建構和執行策略。研究結果發現，九二一震災和莫拉克風災的生活重建機制在法制化過程、重建中心的組織層級、受託團體資格與專業人力配置、服務項目與執行，督導考核機制、重建中心的經營型態、多元文化議題等面向皆有諸多差異；此外，本研究從莫拉克風災的生活重建經驗中，歸納出強化經濟發展、發展社會資本和發掘社區資產、培養社區知能、資訊與溝通等4大面向的困境與契機；最後，提出一套生活重建指導原則。
本研究建議，我國在生活重建機制建構方面，應由政府建立一套重建原則與計畫、將社區居民視為決策的伙伴和重建計畫的執行者、建立資訊與資源溝通的平台、確定中央支援和地方主導的生活重建、建構更貼近在地的服務項目與考核督導制度。此外，在生活重建執行過程中，必須有跨文化的能力、進行以社區為基礎的公平資源分配、規劃長遠的重建措施、培訓災難社會工作者、提供以社區生活脈絡為基礎的生活重建、培育災區青年人才。最後，生活重建機制的運作過程中應不斷的進行反省與修正，以充權災區為目標、跳脫助人者的文化霸權思維，讓受災地區能成功重建生活並建構災難復原力。

關鍵字

九二一震災 ； 莫拉克風災 ； 生活重建 ； 災難復原力 ； 生活重建服務中心

並列摘要

On August 8, 2009, Typhoon Morakot struck Southern Taiwan and caused severe damages. The government implemented post-disaster reconstruction policy to address the consequences brought by the devastating natural disaster. The policy took the experience of the 921 Earthquake of 1999 and established Life Reconstruction Service Centers to provide six dimensions of life reconstruction services. Life reconstruction service system is a special social service system in Taiwan and it is closely related to all aspects of the victims' livelihood. Disaster resilience perspective is the best guide to successful life reconstruction.
This study analyzes and compares the life reconstruction service system between the 921 Earthquake and Typhoon Morakot while also exploring implementation strategies of life reconstruction service system with interviews and archival analysis. The result indicates that in the area of the process of establishing the legislation, hierarchy of Life Reconstruction Service Centers, human resource allocation, service items and program implementation, system of supervision and assessment, operating model and multicultural issues, appears to have many differences between the 921 Earthquake and Typhoon Morakot. Moreover, the study concludes four dimensions of challenges and strengths when executing the life reconstruction system after Typhoon Morakot, which includes, economic development, social capital and community asset, community competence, information and communication. Lastly, the study proposes recommendations for life reconstruction service system.
Based on previous analysis and findings, the study proposes a disaster-resilience framework for constructing and implementing life reconstruction service system in the future. In establishing life reconstruction service system respect, the government should establish guiding principles and plans, make community members partners in policy making and leaders of local implementation, develop information and resource sharing platform, ensure local leadership is supported, and set a supervision and evaluation system. In addition, cultural competency, fair resource allocation, long-term planning, trainings for social workers, community-based life reconstruction services and nurturing community young people are all essential when implementing life reconstruction service system. Last but not least, the improvements of reconstruction system rely on continuous reflection and adjustments. The system aims to empower the community, by having awareness of the cultural hegemony. Therefore, it will be possible to reconstruct the life successfully and build disaster resilience of disaster-affected community.

並列關鍵字

921 Earthquake ； Typhoon Morakot ； life reconstruction ； Disaster resilience ； Life Reconstruction Service Centers

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