都市企業主義為後工業化時代新的都市治理轉向的主要策略,過去對於都市企業主義如何真實的運作在地方缺乏細緻的描述,但實際上舉辦大型運動賽事也是城市增強自身競爭力的策略工具之一。因為大型運動賽事所牽涉的層面甚廣,也必須投入巨大的資源來推動,城市發展的現在與未來都會受到結構性的改變。在這個假設的前提下,筆者看到了都市企業主義與大型運動賽事連結的可能。因此本文以高雄市政府籌辦2009世運的過程,作為分析高雄都市企業主義運作過程的切入點,為求細緻並將都市企業主義分成三個面向過程(process)來討論-政策與論述過程、空間發展計畫過程以及都市政治過程。 研究結果指出,從2006年開始,世運被市政府作為城市發展的中程目標,伴隨「運動」而來的「健康」與「生態」成為新的政策論述,勾勒高雄市「宜居的」、「樂活的」、「永續的」美好生活環境的願景。再加上城市行銷的需求,優質生活空間的打造被提升到前所未有的高度,創造休閒、娛樂、觀光或運動空間的土地開發與都市建設,被放在施政的核心,成為新的企業主義取向下的都市行銷重點及資本積累策略。由於主辦國際運動賽事展現的是一國或一城的實力,高雄世運在都市企業化過程中以「國際運動賽事」的特殊事件作為令牌,師出有名,不管是在對上爭取中央政府的補助,或是在地方與其他作用者的交涉過程中,更多了討價還價的空間,有利於爭取其他額外的支持,不管是中央政府對於補助經費上的支持,或是地方市民各種形式的支持,皆有利於市政府以世運為名,更快速的轉向企業化城市的軌道。
Urban entrepreneurialism can be regarded as a main strategy of local governances to seek for further development under the context of the post-industrial era. The phenomenon of urban entrepreneurialism has been widely researched; however, how and under what circumstances and processes do urban governances utilize a mega sport event as their entrepreneurial strategy has still received limited academic attention. With the 2009 World Games in Kaohsiung as a case study, I argue that urban entrepreneurialism is operated by a complicated mechanism involving three different but interrelated dimensions- (1) the discourse process, (2) the spatial process, as well as (3) the political process. First, concepts of "healthy" and "ecology" with the “sports fashion” had been promoted as a new way of life in order to create an alternative version of urban livability and sustainability. Second, spatially, construction of certain leisure, entertainment and sports facilities was prioritized as a capital accumulation and city marketing solution. Third, politically, the local government of Kaohsiung took this advantage to mobilize more resources not only from the central government in Taipei but also local business and civil sociality communities.