國民政府陸軍變革與德國顧問(1928∼1938)

The Army Innovation of NanJing Government and German advisers(1928∼1938)

張友銘(Yu-Ming Chang)

指導教授 ： 洪陸訓

淡江大學/國際研究學院/國際事務與戰略研究所碩士班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6846/TKU.2010.00434

摘要

在1928∼1938年間，國民政府聘請大量的德國顧問為國民政府做建軍備戰與建設國家等工作。在這十年間，國民政府在交通建設、基礎國防工業等各方面都有了突飛猛進的進步，厚植了國民政府的國家實力，也讓中國朝著現代化的國家邁進中。但是卻在此蒸蒸日上之時，卻因為中日戰爭的爆發使得合作計畫被迫中斷。
本文從民初以來的中國與德國的外交關係開始來看中德關係之演變，從孫中山先生的聯德政策和與當時德國對中國之政策，包括德國國防部與外交部各自的考量，到德國顧問來華後的工作進展，並分析這十年來德國顧問在各方面為國民政府所帶來的改變，包括：人員素質之提升、交通建設的興建與國防工業的發展，軟硬體等各方面的進步。以及分析歷任總顧問所重視的問題，並且異中求同，找出歷任總顧問都重視的問題點。最後並探討合作終止的原因。

關鍵字

德國駐華顧問 ； 國民政府 ； 塞克特 ； 法肯豪森

並列摘要

During the 1928 ~ 1938 years, NanJing Government employed lots of German consultant for the preparation military affairs and the founding to do nation-building and so on. In these ten years, NanJing Government had made great progress in the transportation construction, basic defense industry and other aspects of the rapid progress, strengthen one of the national government's national strength as well as the modernization of China to move forward in the country. But in this thriving, since the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war, which make the cooperation program halted.
This paper, since the early Republican era of diplomatic relations between China and Germany began to look at the evolution of Sino-German relations, from the Sun Yat-sen's strategy and in conjunction of German’s and China’s policy, including of the German Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of their respective considerations, to the German advisers to China after the progress of work and analysis of this decade, the German consultants in all aspects of the changes brought about by the national government, including: the quality of personnel should be upgraded, the construction of transportation infrastructure and defense industry, software and hardware etc. in progress. Then analysis served as general counsel the importance of the issues and differences in seeking common ground, served as general counsel has attached great importance to identify the problem spots. Finally talk about the reasons for the termination.

並列關鍵字

NanJing Government ； German advisers ； Hans von Seeckt ； Alexander von Folkenhausen

參考文獻

馬振犢，戚如高著，《蔣介石與希特勒：民國時期的中德關係》。台北，東大圖書股份有限公司，1998年。

劉鳳翰，《抗戰戰史論集：紀念抗戰五十週年》。台北，東大圖書股份有限公司，1987年。

劉馥著、梅寅生譯，《中國現代軍事史》。台北，東大圖書股份有限公司，1992年。

蔣永敬，《抗戰史論》。台北，東大圖書股份有限公司，1995年。

馬文英，「德國軍事顧問團與中德軍火貿易關係的推展」，《中央研究院近代史研究所集刊》第二十三期。