工作壓力對工作－家庭衝突、心理健康之影響：中介、調節效果之探討：以女性醫療工作者為例

Work Stress’ Mediating and Moderating Effects on Work - Family Conflict and Mental Health: Female Medical workers as an Example

廖丹绣(Tan-Hsiu Liao)

指導教授 ： 初麗娟

中山醫學大學/健康管理學院/醫療產業科技管理學系碩士班/碩士(2010年)

https://doi.org/10.6834/CSMU.2010.00047

摘要

隨著經濟發展與人民生活品質之提升，國人對於健康促進需求日益殷切。近年來，各醫療機構所提供的服務大都著重於醫療品質及病患滿意度的提升，以增加醫院的營運績效，因此醫院對醫護人員的工作要求增加，提高了員工的工作壓力。長期處於高壓力之下的員工，可能會提高其工作－家庭衝突與不利於心理健康的發展。此外，相同壓力情境，因知覺壓力的感受不同，對負面後果的影響是有所不同。換言之，壓力知覺為工作壓力與工作－家庭衝突與心理健康關係間之有效中介變項是本研究關心重點之一。如何有效調節壓力知覺與工作－家庭衝突、心理健康之關係，本研究特別就個人與環境適配、不適應性完美主義的調節效果進行驗證。
本研究採兩階段結構式問卷進行調查，以女性醫療工作者為對象進行抽樣調查。共寄發400份問卷，第一階段請受試者完成自變項（如工作壓力：工作負荷與工作時間壓力）、中介變項（如壓力知覺）、調節變項（如個人與環境適配與不適應性完美主義）及人口統計資料之衡量。二個月後再請同一批受試者完成依變項（如工作－家庭衝突與心理健康）之衡量。第一階段有效問卷回收計有325份，而第二階段有效問卷回收計有301份，總計有效回卷率為75%。研究結果顯示，工作壓力確實對工作－家庭衝突與心理健康有顯著地影響。而壓力知覺能有效中介工作壓力與工作－家庭衝突、心理健康之關係。此外，個人環境適配能有效調節壓力知覺與工作－家庭衝突、心理健康之關係。不適應性完美主義能有效調節壓力知覺與工作－家庭衝突之關係。

關鍵字

工作壓力 ； 壓力知覺 ； 個人與環境適配 ； 不適應性完美主義 ； 工作－家庭衝突 ； 心理健康

並列摘要

Following the upturn of the economy and subsequent improvements in the quality of life, there is a growing need for improvements in healthcare.
Hospitals focus on the quality of medical care and patient satisfaction. To increase operational efficiency, hospitals have more stringent job requirements for health care workers, which have led to hospital staff suffering from increased work-related stress. This stress can often lead to an increase in work-family conflict, which in turn, can have a negative effect on mental health. Even in the same situation, people who perceive stress differently will be affected by the negative consequences differently. Perceived stress is a mediating variable within work-related stress, work-family conflicts, and mental health. This study focuses on effective methods to moderate the relationship among perceived stress, work-family conflicts, and mental health. This paper verifies the moderating effects of person-environment fit and maladaptive forms of perfectionism.
We conducted a sample survey of female medical workers, using a survey of two-stage questionnaires. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed. In the first stage, subjects were asked to complete the evaluation of independent variables (e.g. workload and time stress), mediated variables (perceived stress), moderating variables (person-environment fit and maladaptive form of perfectionism), and demographical information. Two months later, participants were asked to complete the evaluation of dependent variables (e.g. work-family conflicts and mental health). A total of 325 valid questionnaires were retrieved in the first stage, and 301 in the second stage, for a response rate of 75%. The results showed that work-related stress had a significant effect on work-family conflicts and mental health. It showed that perceived stress would mediate the relationship among work-related stress, work-family conflicts, and mental health effectively. In addition, person-environment fit could effectively moderate the relationships among perceived stress, work-family conflict, and mental health, and the maladaptive form of perfectionism can effectively moderate the relationship between perceive stress and work-family conflicts.

並列關鍵字

Work Stress ； Perceived Stress ； Person-Environment Fit ； Maladaptive form of Perfectionism ； Work-Family Conflict ； Mental Health

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