臭氧為台灣地區主要空氣污染來源之一,許多國內外研究文獻指出,因臭氧濃度之上升,將導致循環系統疾病與呼吸系統疾病之就診率增加,並且造成死亡率增加而降低平均壽命。由於台灣目前尚未有O3減量帶來之社會效益之相關研究,有鑒於此,本研究探討臭氧濃度與醫療支出以及國民平均壽命之增減關係。由於國內相關文獻缺乏,故本研究在醫療方面之相關資料,係整合國外長期相對風險(RR)資料並應用以推估台灣國民健保醫療(呼吸性疾病、循環疾病方面)因O3增減所造成的支出。 研究結果,在壽命方面:當O3濃度每減少10 ppb時,台灣國民平均壽命將增加9.74天;在醫療成本方面,O3濃度每減少10 ppb時,將減少597.04百萬元之醫療支出。 以95年高屏地區臭氧減量政策為例,執行「固定污染源揮發性有機空氣污染物管制策略規劃與減量措施推動計畫」,將增加高屏地區民眾平均壽命70小時,並可節省12,204千元之醫療支出;執行「固定污染源揮發性有機物(VOC)收費制度」,減量案例一將增加高屏地區民眾61小時壽命及減少醫療支出10,705(千元);減量案例二將增加高屏地區民眾184小時壽命及減少醫療支出32,115(千元)。
Ozone is one of the major air pollutants in Taiwan. The rise of the ozone level can cause the cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease. Furthermore, it increases the medical examination rate, the mortality, and reduces the life expectancy. The objective of this study is finding the correlation between ozone level, medical expenditure, and life expectancy. The long-term relative risk of the cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease in Taiwan was used to expenditure. Therefore, to integrate the mortality in Europe and America is to estimate the changes of life expectancy according to O3 . Result shows that the reduction of O3 level by 10 ppb can increase 9.74 days of life expectancy and NT597.04 million in medical expenditure in Taiwan. For example, the success of executing “ the Stationary Sources VOC Emission Control and Reduce Project in Kao-Ping air quality basins in 2006” can increase every 70 hours of the life expectancy and decrease NT12.204 million dollars. In the 「Stationary Sources VOC Emission Fee」shows that in case 1, it increased 61 hours of life expectancy and NT10,705 thousand when Medical Expenditure, and in case 2, it increased 184 hours of life expectancy and NT32,115 thousand when Medical Expenditure.