機車引擎之模型與控制

Modeling and Control for Scooter Engines

謝豐吉(Feng-Chi Hsieh)

指導教授 ： 吳浴沂 ； 陳柏全

國立臺北科技大學/機電學院/機電科技研究所/博士(2007年)

摘要

為提升機車引擎加速性能，減少其油耗及空氣污染排放，本論文將進行引擎模型的建立與控制策略的設計。首先將發展一個包含進氣、扭力、摩擦及旋轉動態模型的四行程125c.c.火花點火引擎模型，並針對扭力模型中之熱傳動態，利用Stanton數發展一個適合目標引擎之熱傳模型。本論文提出的引擎控制系統，包含引擎管理系統(Engine Management System, EMS)、旋轉動態預估、燃油噴射控制、暫態燃油補償、點火控制及怠速控制策略等。EMS策略是根據引擎運轉狀態，將其分為開鑰匙、起動、怠速、運轉、節氣門全開及斷油模式。旋轉動態預估是以運動模型為基礎，配合行程判別策略，設計720度之引擎旋轉動態閉迴路估測器。本論文並利用動態規劃法，得到最佳燃油補償策略。由於引擎是一個非線性時變系統，本論文發展一個多輸入單輸出適應性控制器，同時利用點火及怠速空氣閥，控制引擎之怠速運轉。最後，利用MotorTron實現所發展之控制策略，搭配xPC即時模擬平台，進行硬體在迴路中模擬。接著再利用實車，進行策略調校及驗證。模擬及實驗結果顯示，本論文控制系統可改善傳統控制器的缺點，達到降低油耗污染及提升引擎動力輸出之目的。

關鍵字

引擎模型 ； 引擎管理系統 ； 點火及燃油噴射控制 ； 燃油暫態補償策略 ； 引擎旋轉動態估測 ； 怠速控制

並列摘要

In order to improve the acceleration performance of the four-stroke 125c.c spark-ignition engine and reduce the fuel consumption and emissions, an engine model and engine control strategies are proposed in this dissertation. The engine model consists of charging, torque, friction, and engine rotational dynamics. A heat transfer model using the Stanton number is proposed to predict heat transfer rate for torque model. The proposed control strategies consist of engine management system (EMS), rotational dynamic estimation, fuel injection control, fuel compensation, ignition timing control, and idle speed control (ISC). The proposed EMS, which consists of key on, crank, idle, run, fuel cut off, and wide open throttle modes, is activated based on engine operating conditions. A closed-loop estimator with stroke identification designed based on kinematics model is proposed to estimate the rotational dynamics in this dissertation. In order to obtain an optimal fuel compensation strategy, the dynamic programming approach is employed. For the ISC, due to the nonlinear time-varying nature of the engine, an adaptive multi-input single-output controller is proposed based on self-tuning regulator. In order to verify the proposed control strategies, the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) simulation platform is established. The proposed strategies are calibrated and evaluated using a scooter engine. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control strategies can be used to improve the disadvantage of conventional algorithms and achieve better engine performance.

並列關鍵字

Engine model ； engine management system ； fuel injection and ignition control ； fuel compensation strategy ； rotational dynamic estimation ； idle speed

參考文獻

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