超越文學的觀看：日本源氏物語博物館中文化記憶的展示與詮釋

Trancending the View of Literature: the Exhibition and Interpretations of cultural memory in The Tale of Genji Museum in Japan

林玫希(Mei-His Lin)

指導教授 ： 王嵩山

國立臺北藝術大學/文化資源學院學術論文/博物館研究所碩士班/碩士(2015年)

https://doi.org/10.6835/TNUA.2015.00024

摘要

文化透過各種方式延續，文學即為其一。經典文學更被認為具時代價值、典範及歷時性之特質，德國學者阿萊妲．阿斯曼（Aleida Assmann）便指出文本化及脫離社會使用語境為文化記憶（cultural memory）的穩固方式，並能透過具重現作用之媒介被帶回公共意識領域。2008年《源氏物語》成書千年之際，除了設立「古典日」，也舉行「《源氏物語》千年紀」等系列活動，這些社會現象顯示此經典文學之重要性及代表性，日本社會也期待其能與當代重新溝通。
　　本研究以京都宇治源氏物語博物館為例，目的在探討文學為表現主體之文化記憶在博物館中展示實踐的可能。為此，在研究脈絡的建構上首先指出文學作為人們建構、凝聚或用以抒發情感的對個人與集體、歷史文化、風土地理、族群結構的想像、描寫與再現，並藉詮釋學定義文學之理解與詮釋；另一方面，以臺灣地區文學為主題之博物館與展示之研究討論，構成本研究思索問題意識的基礎背景。其次，援引Jan Assmann及Aledia Assmann對文化記憶的探討，指向文本化與博物館保存機制，具有處理超越近代的遙遠過去之可能，藉以探討文學、文化記憶的關聯性，及其在博物館領域中如何實踐。透過日本博物館及其意識形成之社會文化背景與制度的演進，以博物館的構作基礎為經；另一方面，由敘事分析及符號學觀點對展示元素使用、組合之解釋與詮釋，分析源氏物語博物館展示結構為緯，指出源氏物語博物館的兩個敘事單元：平安時代貴族文化觀、文學的想像與再現，探討博物館如何運用展示技術賦予物件意涵及組織脈絡，完成文學及文化詮釋之可能。

關鍵字

源氏物語；源氏物語博物館；文化記憶；展示研究；敘事分析；符號學

並列摘要

Culture continues through variety of ways, literature is one of them. Classic literature is considered to have characteristics of era value, pattern and diachronic. The German scholar, Aleida Assmann has pointed out that textualized and out of the use of social context as ways of stabling cultural memory, and was brought back to the public consciousness domain through the media with reproducible effect.
In 2008, at that time of The Tale of Genji became a book for thousand years, in addition to the establishment of “Classics Day”; also, series of activities about “The Millennium of The Tale of Genji” had been held. These social phenomena revealed the importance and representativeness of this classic literature, Japanese society also looking forward to it could re-communicate with contemporary.
In this thesis, under the case of Kyoto, Uji, The Tale of Genji Museum, my purpose is to explore the practice of possibility in museum exhibitions of literature as the core of cultural memory. Therefore, the construction in my research context is first to point out that for people literature as a media to construct, coherence, or to express emotion for the imagination, description and reproduction of individual and collective, history and culture, customs and geography, and ethnic structure, then by using Hermeneutics to define the understanding and interpretation of literature. On the other hand, under the research and discussion of museums and exhibitions those take literature as the theme to constitute the basis of the consciousness in this study. Second, to quote the discussion of cultural memory from Jan Assmann and Aledia Assmann, Pointing out the mechanism of textualization and museums’ preservation has the posbility to process the distant past beyond the modern. Therefore, I’d like to discuss the relevance of literature and cultural memory, then how to peactice the relevance in museum fields. Through the evolution of backgrounds and institutions of social and culture that shape museums and the consciousness in Japan, via the construction of museum as foundation; additionally, through the perspective of narrative analysis and semiotics on the explanation and interpretation for the constitution of exhibition, analyzes the structure of exhibition in The Tale of Genji Museum to outline the museography of telling cultural memory and literary imagination, and to inspire the use of exhibit elements and the produce of narrative structure under the theme of literature. In conclusion, pointing out two narrative units: the overall cultural perspective of nobility of Heian period, the imagination and reproduction of literature, the main purpose in this thesis is to research how museums by using exhibit tech to give objects meanings and organize them into a context, then to accomplish the possibility of cultural and literature interpretation.

並列關鍵字

The Tale of Genji；The Tale of Genji Museum；cultural memory；exhibition research；narrative analysis；semiotics

參考文獻

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