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  • 學位論文

醫院手術室、ICU與負壓病房等消防系統與防煙防火區劃有效性之研究

Effective Evaluation of Fire Protection System and Partition in Operating Room, ICU, and Negative Pressure Hospital Ward of Hospital

指導教授 : 何三平
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摘要


根據國內消防法規各類場所消防安全設備設置標準第四十九條規定:「手術室、加護病房等其他類似處所得免設置撒水頭。」這些空間均收容重度醫療需求族群,但卻未訂定其他替代安全方案。經比較分析國內外醫療院所防止火煙侵入之相關規定,發現國外法規尚有考慮人員收容限制問題,且防火時效與消防設備之性能要求皆較國內嚴格。而經現場勘查國內手術區、加護病房區域,發掘消防系統終端設備啟動與醫療用消毒鍋等產生煙霧與高溫水氣為常見誤作動原因,平日應定期檢查流水檢知裝置並於易作動區域之探測器改為差動式探測器。防煙區劃與防火區劃易因施工與管理不當而遭受破壞,應於管理面上加強其區劃維護,並建議手術室與加護病房等區域應設置兩個以上防火區劃以作為內部火災之相對安全區域。而消防栓之設置方式應採用步行距離之概念,或選用可單人操作之第二種室內栓,加強第一線護理人員操作室內消防栓技能,提升火災時初期滅火能力,滅火器應增設符合醫療院所用之潔淨式滅火器,並加強其設置密度。根據FDS模擬結果,手術室與加護病房於無撒水系統之情況下,若被服室與備品室發生火災時,其避難容許時間不足以進行逃生,但若於無收容病患之區域全面設置自動撒水系統,則均可有效滅火及降低空間整體溫度,對於空間防火性能上有著顯著效益。故建議消防法規應將手術室與加護病房之涵蓋範圍明確定義出來,以釐清不同性質之空間誤沿用至免設撒水頭條款,並不可因區域內部份空間裝設自動撒水設備而適用於建築技術規則放寬防火區劃限制面積條款。負壓病房之特殊氣流將影響靠近回風口或出風口處之撒水頭作動時間,但換氣量大小於沙發起火情境下,對於探測器與撒水頭之作動時間有效性不具有顯著影響,經由氣流驗證模擬,負壓病房之臨界換氣量以12次為最佳換氣量。

並列摘要


Operation rooms, delivery rooms, X-ray rooms, intensive care units, anesthetic rooms, or other similar places are not requested to install sprinkler system based on national fire code in Taiwan. The fire code of fire resistance rating and fire compartment is more severe for USA and Japan than Taiwan. There are four flaws for the fire protection system in hospitals as follows:1. Fire stop is not setup. 2. The ventilation system destroys the fire walls. 3. The wrong material of fire stops and fire walls. 4. Fire doors are opened all the time. Two compartments are recommended to buildup for ICU and operating room to make sure the incapable people to survive and operation to proceed. Besieged zone is not available because of construction to destroy the fire walls. The destroyed fire walls should be recovered using the approved fire walls and to be approved to use again by fire and safety management units. Nurses should be trained to operate the fire hose and clean agent fire extinguisher in hospital to prevent the fire spread. The sprinkler system is recommended to install I storage room and the storage room should be separated from the ICU and operating room. The 1500 m2 of fire partition is not recommended to extent to 3000 m2, because automatic sprinkler systems are not installed in the whole hospital for the patient operation safety issue. The air change rate showing the best control to prevent the virus spread and sprinkler actuating time is 12 for the negative pressure ward.

參考文獻


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