自動化程度設計及其對核電廠主控制室之影響

Level of Automation Design and Its Effects in Nuclear Power Plants Main Control Rooms

楊智偉(Chih-Wei Yang)

指導教授 ： 林久翔

中原大學/工學院/工業工程研究所/博士(2008年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu200800250

摘要

本研究基於「技巧-規則-知識模式架構 (skill-rule-knowledge (SRK) framework model)」建立一套用以進行人機系統介面自動化型態與程度設計決策的流程架構，並利用該架構探討不同自動化型態與自動化程度在正常與異常狀態下對人員績效的影響。近年來，由於數位人機系統介面的進步，核電廠運轉人員的角色產生重大的變化。所謂「水能載舟，亦能覆舟」，這些改變對系統有相當大的助益，然而也可能造成負面績效與安全事故的發生，例如「狀況外 (out-of-the-loop)」的績效問題。本研究透過實驗比較不同的自動化程度在不同的運轉程序(正常與異常狀態)下對人員績效的影響。結果指出在系統在適當的自動化程度下，人員的心智負荷最低，此外，實驗也發現警報重置系統介面的設計比PCTRAN (personal computer transient analyzer)系統介面較為容易認知與理解；另一方面，主觀評量結果發現運轉人員與電腦在「選項產生」與「選項選擇」等兩項系統功能中的互動程度對整體系統績效有顯著影響。整體而言，本研究提供核電廠人機系統介面設計者一個基於SRK人員行為分類的模式進行自動化設計的決策，另外，基於實驗結果，本研究也建議PCTRAN系統介面可以基於本研究所提出之模式進行改善以增加核電廠運轉安全性。

關鍵字

進步型控制室 ； 狀況外 ； 人機系統介面 ； 核能發電廠 ； 自動化程度 ； 自動化型態

並列摘要

This study proposed a systematic framework to make an appropriate type of automation (TOA) and levels of automation (LOAs) decision base on ‘Skill-Rule-Knowledge’ (SRK) model. Then, the present research evaluated effects of TOAs and LOAs decisions in normal and abnormal conditions based on SRK framework model. Following the advancement of digitalized human-system interfaces (HSI) design, the roles of human operators have been changed. Negative performance and safety consequences may occurred by these changes. Those problems are viewed as out-of-the-loop (OOTL) performance problems. This study conducted an experiment to compare the effects between different LOAs under different operating procedures on operating performance. Results referred that appropriate LOA can bring the lowest mental workload. Further, alarm reset system interface is found to be more easily to perceive and understand for operators than personal computer transient analyzer (PCTRAN) system interface. From the subjective rating results, it was suggested that LOAs distributing the roles of option generation and selection between human and/or computer servers have significant impact on automated system performance. Also, from the analytic results of this study, the user interfaces of PCTRAN system and alarm reset system are suggested to be improved for ensuring operating safety in NPPs.

並列關鍵字

out-of-the-loop (OOTL) ； level of automation (LOA) ； human-system interface (HSI) ； type of automation (TOA) ； advanced control room (ACR) ； nuclear power plant (NPP)

參考文獻

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