戰後公營企業眷舍的空間規劃與實踐-以中鋼眷舍為例

Postwar Spatial Planning and Practice of Public Enterprises’ Household Dormitory-A Case Study of China Steel Household Dormitory

沈書民(Shu-Min Shen)

指導教授 ： 蔣雅君

中原大學/設計學院/建築研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6840/cycu201400060

摘要

本研究是以中鋼公司一到五期中鋼眷舍為研究對象，探討其如何透過公部門與建築專業者移植過去受現代性影響的空間形態，並在地化的過程。在過去國家經濟策略的發展過程，往往反映出國家公營企業的歷史變遷，而在當時台灣公營企業宿舍群落發展的過程中，主要形成原因有二，一是由日本殖民時期開發後所承接下來的產業延續，為防由少數人壟斷，多數日資產業皆由國民政府歸為公營企業。二是因為受各方面環境時代影響所決定政治發展策略而興建；1970台灣面臨國際外交的挫敗與國際石油危機，國民政府為了安定政局，在1972由當時行政院長蔣經國推出「十項建設」，來發展強化本島空間的基礎建設以及減少對於國外資本的依賴，並推動第二次進口替代來振興經濟。而「中鋼眷舍」，就是當時政經局勢所衍生的產物。

在戰後初期除了承襲日殖產業的宿舍群外，當時部分公家機關也因美援的關係而出現較完善的職員與眷屬生活場域，如同「似城聚落」般；而到了1970之後，興起的台灣公營企業與宿舍群落的關係似乎不如以往的規模及完整性，甚至出現公營企業與宿舍分離的情形；縱觀台灣公家機關與宿舍群落之研究來看，似乎只停留在戰後早期的宿舍群落做為對象研究，故本研究以1977興起的中鋼公司眷屬宿舍為研究對象，除了做為台灣公家機關宿舍群落時代發展在1970後的接續外，並探討眷舍居民從興建後至今所受各種政治與社會因素而不斷探就自身認同感的過程。

本研究之研究方法先以文獻收集的方式，先建構出中鋼眷舍形成的環境背景與脈絡，再從台灣戰後住宅形式之演變與過去台灣公家機關宿舍群落之研究分析來交叉導出中鋼眷舍所受之形成的原因，最後再回歸到產業場所及居民與地方的關係。

關鍵字

公營企業 ； 宿舍群落 ； 地方 ； 似城聚落 ； 認同感

並列摘要

This study took China Steel household dormitory from first to fifth phase as the study object and investigated how China Steel transplanted and localized previous spatial form affected by modernity through the public sector and construction professionals. In the past, the development of national economic strategy often reflected the historical changes of public enterprises, while the dormitory community of Taiwan’s public enterprises was formed mainly due to two reasons during the development process. Firstly, the industries developed during Japanese colonial period were continued, and the majority of the Japanese-owned industries were changed into public enterprises by national government to avoid monopoly. Secondly, it was built due to political development strategy impacted by the environmental era from various aspects. In the republic 1970s, Taiwan faced the international diplomacy defeat and the international oil crisis; in order to settle political situation, Chiang Ching-kuo, the Premier of Executive Yuan, launched Ten Constructions in 1972 to strengthen the infrastructure development of the island and reduce dependence on foreign capital, promoting the second import substitution to revitalize economy. However, China Steel household dormitory was the product derived from the political and economic situation at that time.

In addition to the inheritance of Japanese colonial industrial group quarters in early postwar period, a better life field for the staff and their dependents emerged in part of the public authorities because of United States aid, as “like a city settlement”. By the 1970s, the relations between the rising Taiwan’s public enterprises and dormitory community seemed not as better as before in terms of the size and integrity, and even the public enterprises were separated from dormitories. As for the longitudinal study of Taiwan’s public authorities and dormitory community, the study object seems to be restricted in the early postwar dormitory community. Therefore, the study targeted at China Steel household dormitory that emerged in 1977 as the continuation of public authorities’ dormitory community era development after 1970s and discussed the process of household dormitory residents’ constant exploration of their own identity suffering from a variety of political and social fact since its construction.

This study first constructed the environmental background and context of China Steel formation through document collection, then deduced the formation reasons of China Steel household dormitory from the evolution of Taiwan’s post-war housing form and the study analysis of Taiwan public authorities’ dormitory community in the past, and finally returned to the relations between industrial workplace plus residents and locality.

並列關鍵字

Public enterprises ； identity ； place ； like a city settlement ； dormitory communities

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