組織創造力之障礙及其因應策略之研究

A Study of Obstacles to Organizational Creativity and Strategies for Cooping with Such Obstacles

蘇冠華(Kuan-hua Su)

指導教授 ： 方崇雄

國立臺灣師範大學/科技學院/工業科技教育學系/碩士(2001年)

摘要

本研究之目的在於確認組織創造力障礙之要素，與探討組織創造力之障礙及其因應策略，期望提供台灣企業推行組織創造力時的參考。本研究採取質性研究中的個案研究法，使用多重個案的研究設計，透過深度訪談七家個案公司，在整理由八位受訪者得到的資料中，比較各個案間的異同點，分析與文獻理論的差異。研究的結果發現：
一、組織創造力障礙之要素：
歸納為五大項，包括個人、團隊、組織內部環境、組織外部環境、與社會環境。而以下敘述組織創造力之障礙與其因應之策略時，便以此五項要素為範疇。
二、個人障礙及其因應策略
（一）個人障礙包括：創造潛能的阻礙、負面的個人特質、個人的認知不能配合、缺乏內在動機、情緒或身體的壓力、人際處理能力不佳、守舊的心態、以及缺乏與工作相關的知識技能。
（二）其因應策略為：擴展自己的觸角、接受他人的意見、與上司溝通、運用個人的專長於適當的任務上、上司的輔導與啟發、訓練員工表達能力、招募新人整合資源、及公司提供高額獎金鼓勵創意。
三、團隊障礙及其因應策略
（一）團隊障礙包括：溝通障礙、合作的氣氛不佳、本位主義、及缺乏成員的協助。
（二）其因應策略為：盡量表達自己看法以取得共識、事先設計工作排程、規範制度與劃分權責、由第三者協調紛爭、鼓勵組織成員間教學相長、及舉辦團體活動以產生共識。
四、組織內部環境障礙及其因應策略
（一）組織內部環境障礙包括：實體環境的干擾、組織規模太大、人才斷層、管理者施予的壓力、相關的資源不足、及負面的組織文化。
（二）其因應策略為：個人自行解決問題、管理者抱持民主的態度、組織有計劃地栽培員工、及組織環境的營造。
五、組織外部環境障礙及其因應策略
（一）組織外部環境障礙包括：市場的障礙、專案的壓力、及來自客戶的限制。
（二）其因應策略為：公司提供福利與休閒、提供顧客最適當的解決方式、以及量化創造力的績效。
六、社會環境障礙及其因應策略
（一）社會環境障礙包括：呆板的教育方式、產業特性的限制、及大眾偏頗的認知。
（二）其因應策略為：揣摩他人與多溝通、前輩的教導、訓練員工產生創意的辦法和步驟、包容與尊重他人、改革台灣的教育環境、及重建大眾的思考基礎。

關鍵字

創造力 ； 組織創造力 ； 障礙 ； 因應策略

並列摘要

The purposes of this study are to identify the factors responsible for obstacles to organizational creativity, to research these obstacles, and to present the coping strategies for dealing with these obstacles. They are provided as a reference for companies that implement policies promoting organizational creativity in Taiwan. The study followed multiple-case studies, and through in-depth interviewing of 8 cases arising out of 7 companies, the researcher compared the differences among all the cases, and analyzed the differences between the results and related theories. The conclusions are as followed：
1. The factors responsible for obstacles to organizational creativity：
There are five factors：the individual, the team, the inner environment of the organization, the outer environment of the organization, and the society. Therefore, obstacles to organizational creativity and coping strategies for dealing with them are categorized into these five factors.
2. Individual obstacles and coping strategies：
（1） The obstacles include：the hindrance of one’s potential, emotional or physical stress, lack of personal skills, conservative thinking, lack of task-relevant skills, negative personal characteristics, incompatible personal perceptions, and lack of intrinsic motivation.
（2） The strategies are：broadening our own knowledge, accepting the opinions of others, communicating with supervisors, matching the right people to the right tasks, recruiting new employees, and providing monetary incentives.
3. Team obstacles and coping strategies：
（1） The obstacles include：communication blocks, an atmosphere not conducive to cooperation, selfish departmentalism, lack of members’ assistance.
（2） The strategies are：expressing one’s own opinion to gain the consensus, scheduling the process of tasks, establishing systems and responsibilities, coordinating with others, teaching and learning from each other, and holding activities to increase common consensuses.
4. Internal obstacles and coping strategies：
（1） The obstacles include：improper arrangement of the office environment, overly large organizational size, talent drain, pressure from managers, lack of resources, and a negative business culture.
（2） The strategies are：solving problems by oneself, practicing democracy, investing in employees, and creating a proper company arrangement.
5. External obstacles and coping strategies：
（1） The obstacles include：market barriers, pressure from projects, and customers’ constraints.
（2） The strategies are：quantifying creative performance, providing benefits and recreations, and providing customers with the best solutions.
6. Societal obstacles and the coping strategies：
（1） The obstacles include：educational problems, industrial constraints, and prejudiced thinking.
（2） The strategies are：imitating and communicating, mentoring, guiding employees through the right steps, respecting others, reforming the education systems in Taiwan, and rebuilding people’s wrong perceptions.

並列關鍵字

creativity ； organizational creativity ； obstacle ； coping strategy

參考文獻

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