近十年來,我國選手在單槓項目上的起評分及得分,明顯呈現出較低於其它項目的情形,這是由於我國選手多半欠缺高難度的飛行動作和下槓動作所致。本研究以兩部Redlake攝影機(頻率125Hz,快門為1/625sec)拍攝一名國家隊選手所實施之Kolman動作的3-D影像,並進行影像數位化及運動學分析,以了解影響完成Kolman動作之重要因素,以作為教練與選手進行訓練時的參考依據。 研究結果顯示,受試者在實施Kolman前的加速迴環上有提早加速的現象,且身體重心的運動軌跡在回升至倒立過程中產生兩個波峰。成功之Kolman動作在離槓前的縱軸轉體角度較失敗動作小,離槓後的水平速度亦較小,因此能在可握槓範圍中及時抓握住槓。而失敗動作則可能是運動員在擺振拉槓的過程中,使身體重心產生了較大之順向水平加速度及分力,過多的水平拉槓分力使單槓累積過多的彈性能,此彈性能的恢復將使運動員在脫手越槓時產生過大的水平速度而無法及時接槓。故建議運動員在訓練Kolman動作時:(一)擺振時身體重心最低點之位置應盡量於槓的垂直正下方以減少槓產生水平拉引的力量。(二)在Kolman進入空翻前應兩手同時脫槓,以避免過早縱軸轉體。(三)在離槓後才開始實施縱軸轉體以保持身體在空中時的平衡。
During the past ten years, Taiwanese gymnasts had poorer performance at the high bar exercise than that at other events in the international competitions of gymnastics. A major weakness of the high bar exercise performed by Taiwanese gymnasts is absence of flight acrobatics and dismount. In this study, we used two Redlake cameras with 125Hz recording frequency and 1/625 sec shutter to record the 3D images of a flight acrobatics, Kolman. Digitalization of the 3D images and analysis of the kinematical parameters were carried out by Kwon3D 3.1 Performance System to analyze the kinematical characteristics of Kolman and the important factors to influence gymnasts when they were performing flight acrobatics. The results showed that the gymnast carry out an early acceleration in the Center of Mass (COM), and there were two peaks in the trajectory of the COM movement. The angle of the twist along longitudinal axis before releasing bar and the backward horizontal velocity after releasing bar were greater in failed Kolman than there in the successful Kolman. The results showed that our gymnast had higher horizontal velocity and horizontal component of the force, while he performed a failed Kolman. We suggest that gymnasts should reduce the force of horizontal component by swinging at the position under the bar, release two hands from the bar at the same time, and perform the twist along longitudinal axis after releasing the bar.