人民不服從的行動在現實生活不可避免,法律做為社會規範,也必然會處理這些問題,但該如何處理?人民不服從在歷史上有許多案例,但在台灣,這樣的概念仍然不夠清晰,在民主意識進步的今日,社會上有許多抗議活動,但這些抗議活動的意義、定位究竟如何?人民不服從是一個違犯法律的行動,但其內在精神上反而是尊重法律、服從現存法律秩序,「服從」與「不服從」是相對立的兩個概念,人民不服從卻兼而有之,其法律上的評價究竟如何,值得探討。 本論文撰寫分成五章。第一章為導論,說明研究動機以及研究方法,並在此章先就人民不服從的要件以及特徵加以說明,以確立研究方向。第二章說明社會契約論的國家觀,分析霍布斯、洛克、盧梭思想中的「自然狀態」、「自然權利」以及「理性規則」,以說明國家與人民間的關係。第三章從社會契約論思想中探求人民不服從行動的思想基礎。第四章尋求人民不服從行動的正當化理由,並討論其於刑法違法性階段之評價。第五章綜合結論並說明人民不服從於現今民主社會所扮演之角色。 人民不服從具有兩種內在性格,一種是強烈的、外放的攻擊性格,人民以這種具攻擊性格的行動作為武器,威壓獨裁者及掌權者的野心及恣意,避免其專斷作惡;另一種是內斂的和平性格,表現在對國家及法律的忠誠及愛護。民主不是最好的制度,它仍然有許多無法解決的難題,但如果我們肯認民主是個相對合理的制度而值得繼續維持及擁護,那做為民主制度防腐劑的人民不服從就是維持全體共同生活的必要手段之一,即使其表面上違犯了法律,其實質上仍未與全體法秩序相對立衝突而不具備違法性。
There are a lot of cases about civil disobedience in history, but the concept is still not clear enough in Taiwan. What are the meanings and orientations of all kinds of protests? Civil disobedience is an illegal action but it does maintain the democracy in fact. Obedience and disobedience are two opposite concepts but we can find the two concepts in civil disobedience cases at the same time, civil disobedience is inevitable in today’s life and how do we deal with these legal issues? The thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introduction section, it includes the motivation, purpose of research and methodology. I will discuss features and conditions of civil disobedience in this chapter first. Chapter two shows the view of state. I will analyze nature right of liberty, state of nature and laws of nature of the social contract theory and explain the relationship between the people and the state .Chapter three is the discussion for the ideas about civil disobedience of the social contract theory, Chapter four is the evaluation about civil disobedience of criminal law, and chapter five, the final part, is the conclusions.