護理之家外籍照顧服務員之工作壓力及其相關因素之探討—以台中、彰化地區為例

A Study on Work Stress and it's Related Factors of the Foreign Nursing Aides in Nursing-Home Facilities in Taichung and Changhua area

黃文毓(Huang Wen Yu)

指導教授 ： 謝嫣娉

亞洲大學/健康學院/長期照護研究所/碩士(2007年)

摘要

中文摘要
本研究目的為探討護理之家外籍照顧服務員之工作壓力及其相關因素，採描述橫斷性研究設計，以調查研究法收集外籍照顧服務員自填問卷。樣本為台中、彰化地區的護理之家，回收完整問卷101位。調查問卷含結構式問題與開放性問題，包括個人基本屬性、機構屬性、工作壓力量表與工作壓力反應量表，並經過專家效度檢測及修正。本問卷並經過前測予以修正後，方正式進入護理之家實行調查。回收問卷碼輸入電腦，經重複核對後，資料結果以SSPS 10.0統計軟體進行分析，分析方法包括描述性統計與推論性統計等。
研究結果發現:（1）護理之家外籍照顧服務員的工作壓力以工作本身壓力最大、人際關係次之、工作環境最小。壓力最高的前五項為「工作需要學習新的技術」、「我會爭取加班來增加工作收入」、「工作做的不好而被機構資遣返國感到壓力」、「工作時會犯錯感到壓力」、「面對不講理的家屬感到壓力」。影響工作壓力的因素包括薪資、國籍、溝通能力、來台前接受照顧訓練、照顧住民時間、照顧住民人數。（2）護理之家外籍照顧服務員的工作壓力反應以心理反應最強烈、生理反應其次。工作壓力反應最高的前五項為「我會擔心工作做不完」、「我會擔心工作做不好」、「我會擔心工作而睡不著」、「我在工作時會覺得頭痛」、「我在工作時容易緊張」。影響工作壓力反應的因素包括國籍、來台前接受照顧訓練、照顧住民人數。（3）護理之家外籍照顧服務員整體工作壓力之重要預測因素上，「薪資」、「國籍/菲律賓籍」、「照顧住民時間」、「來台前接受照顧訓練」，共可解釋外籍照顧服務員工作壓力34.0%之總變異量，又以「薪資」對其工作壓力有較大的影響力。（4）護理之家外籍照顧服務員工作壓力反應之重要預測因素上，「整體工作壓力源」、「國籍/印尼籍」、「溝通能力」、「每星期休假」，共可解釋外籍照顧服務員工作壓力反應67.4%之總變異量，又以「整體工作壓力源」對其工作壓力反應有較大的影響力。
本研究建議政府可訂立相關法令保障外籍照顧服務員，並提高足夠之來台前照顧訓練及來台後在職教育訓練，以充實其專業知識。本研究結果可提供作為相關產業、政府單位實施輔導、以及未來研究之參考。

關鍵字

護理之家 ； 外籍照顧服務員 ； 工作壓力 ； 工作壓力反應

並列摘要

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to study work stress and its related factors of foreign nursing aides in nursing homes. The study adopts a descriptive cross-sectional research design as the research method to collect questionnaires filled out by foreign nursing aides. Samples are foreign nursing aides in nursing homes around Taichung and Changhua area. A total of 101 valid copies of questionnaire were returned. The questionnaire comprises closed questions and open questions, related to personal attributes, organization attributes, work stress scale, and work stress reaction scale. Experts have tested the questionnaire for validity and revised it. Further, the questionnaire was given a pre-test and revised prior to being used for the survey in nursing homes. The codes on returned questionnaires were entered into the computer and checked several times. The statistics software SSPS 10.0 is used to analyze the data. The analysis methods include descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
The research results reveal: (1) Foreign nursing aides have the greatest stress from the work itself; the second greatest stress from interpersonal relationships; the least stress from work environment. The top 5 stress-causing items are: “to learn new skills required by work”, “to earn more overtime pay”, “to be laid off due to poor performance”, “to make mistakes at work”, and “to face an irrational employer”. Factors affecting work stress include“ wage”, “nationality”, “communication ability”, “nursing training before the job offer”, “ the duration of nursing the residents”, and“ the number of residents to nurse”. (2) Foreign nursing aides have the strongest reaction to work stress psychologically; the second strongest reaction physically. The top 5 reactions to work stress are: “worry about the undone work”, “worry about poor performance”, “insomnia due to worry about work”, “having headaches at work”, and “feeling nervous at work”. Factors affecting reactions to work stress include “ nationality”, “ nursing training before the job offer”, and “ the number of residents to nurse”. (3) 34.0% of the total variation of work stress of foreign nursing aides in nursing homes is induced by important predicable factors: “wage”, “nationality (Philippines)”, “duration of nursing the residents”, and “nursing training before the job offer”. Among these factors, “wage” has greater influence on work stress. (4) 67.4% of the total variation of reactions to work stress of foreign nursing aides in nursing homes is induced by important predicable factors: “source of overall work stress”, “nationality (Indonesia)”, “communication ability”, and “day off per week”. Among these factors, “source of overall work stress” has greater influence on reactions to work stress.
The research suggests that the government should establish regulations and rules to protect foreign nursing aides and provide sufficient nursing training before the job offer and on-the-job training to enrich their professional knowledge. The results of the research can provide reference for services and future studies of related enterprises or government units.

並列關鍵字

nursing homes ； foreign nursing aides ； work stress ； reactions to work stress

參考文獻

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