影響白木耳菌絲生長與子實體形成因素之研究

Factors Affecting the Mycelial Growth and Fruiting Body Development of Tremella fuciformis

陳謙毅(Cian-Yi Chen)

指導教授 ： 林俊義

亞洲大學/健康學院/生物科技學系碩士班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

白木耳（Tremella fuciformis）是台灣與中國大陸主要之食藥用菇類之一。栽培白木耳與其他食藥用菇類栽培方式不同，需藉由伴生菌-香灰菌（Hypoxylon archeri）的協助來生產白木耳子實體。本論文之研究在於探討白木耳與香灰菌菌株菌絲生長特性及兩者之間相互關係，以及探討白木耳形成子實體之因素與栽培因子之調控。根據本研究結果顯示:白木耳菌絲呈白色或米白色，生長速度較慢，氣生菌絲會有直立、斜立或平貼於培養基表面，菌絲會黃化隆起形成膠質狀。香灰菌菌絲呈白色，生長速度快，菌絲分枝略呈羽毛狀，平貼於培養基上生長，菌絲老化變成淡黃色至淡棕色，且會分泌黑色素至培養基中。白木耳菌絲生長適宜溫度為23 ℃-27 ℃，最佳溫度為25 ℃；香灰菌菌絲適宜生長溫度為25 ℃-31 ℃，最佳生長溫度為29 ℃。比較8種不同培養基，白木耳菌絲與香灰菌菌絲生長以FPDA為最佳培養基。香灰菌與白木耳對峙培養時，白木耳菌絲會加快生長並形成白色濃密菌絲 (白毛團)。取得白木耳與香灰菌菌絲胞外分泌物分別添加到PDA培養基中，會促進彼此間菌絲生長，並提高白木耳菌株活性。單獨白木耳菌株於鋸木屑基質中生長速度緩慢，而與香灰菌共同培養會促使白木耳菌絲形成原基體。白木耳形成子實體過程中，香灰菌會快速生長並分解養份供給白木耳菌絲生長，培養時白木耳菌絲會先形成白毛團，並分泌黃水後形成原基體，原基體分化成耳基，耳基變大、耳片展開形成完整白木耳子實體。白木耳菌絲於培養基質下方形成菌絲團，菌絲團生長範圍會影響白木耳子實體大小，也是白木耳栽培菌種主要來源。香灰菌與白木耳菌絲接種時機，也會影響基部菌絲團生長範圍及子實體大小，以同時接種方式為佳。栽培時溫度為25 ℃有利雙方菌絲生長，溫度為23 ℃有利形成原基體與子實體之發育。從不同養料栽培試驗，其中以米糠為主要養料 (20 %)，有助於白木耳子實體生長。瓶栽白木耳試驗中，發現提高常用鋸木屑配方 (鋸木屑79 %、米糠20 %)中養料比例至30 %，白木耳產量提高24 %；添加玉米芯取代部分鋸木屑 (比例1:1) ，其產量增加98.2 %。

關鍵字

白木耳 ； 銀耳 ； 伴生菌 ； 香灰菌 ； 對峙培養 ； 白毛團 ； 混合栽培 ； 栽培性質 ； 子實體形成因子

並列摘要

One of the foremost medicinal and culinary mushrooms of China and Taiwan, Tremella fuciformis has the most unusual strategies for cultivation by utilizing the nutrients gained from a common wood-decomposing Ascomycetes fungus, Hypoxylon archeri. Goals of this study are trying to understand factors affecting mycelial growth and fruiting of T. fuciformis. The results revealed that T. fuciformis mycelium was white or beige, slow growth, had upright, inclined up or flat aerial hyphae on the surface of the medium, the mycelium formed gel-like colony on PDA medium. H. archeri mycelium was white, fast growth, had slightly feathery and flat branching hyphae on the PDA medium , old mycelium became pale yellow to light brown and secreted melanin in medium. T. fuciformis mycelium could grow among 23℃-27℃ and 25℃was the most optimum temperature. H. archeri mycelium could grow among 25℃-31℃ and 29℃was the best temperature. It was also found that FPDA was the best medium for both growth of T. fuciformis and H. archeri mycelium among eight media. Test of T. fuciformis confront culture with H. archeri , the result revealed T. fuciformis formed white and dense mycelium mat on PDA medium. Liquid filtrates of T. fuciformis or H. archeri mycelium were added to PDA separately, the growth of mycelium of H. archeri or T. fuciformis was stimulated individually. Although T. fuciformis mycelium growing in sawdust alone was slow and no primordium developed , however, fruiting body of T. fuciformis was successfully produced by mixed culture with H. archeri in sawdust medium due to T. fuciformis could utilize the nutrition decomposed from sawdust by H. archeri. The formation procedures of T. fuciformis fruiting body included (1) secretion of yellow stick material, (2) formation of primordium, (3) development of fruiting body. 25℃ was found the best temperature for mycelium growth of T. fuciformis in sawdust substrate and 23℃ was the best temperature for development of fruiting body. The result revealed that rice bran was the best supplementary nutrient added in sawdust substrate. 24% of high fruiting body yields were increased by adding 30% of rice bran in sawdust compared to those adding 20% of rice bran. The result also indicated that 98.2% of fruiting body yields were increased if 50% sawdust were replaced by corn cob.

並列關鍵字

Tremella fuciformis ； companion fungus ； Hypoxylon acheri ； confront culture ； white and dense mycelium mat ； mixed culture ； cultural characters ； factors of fructification

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