運動場域中的放鬆經驗

有關「放鬆」的諸多現象與說法一直存在於運動世界之中，不曾消逝；然而伴隨著多樣且複雜的事實與論述，卻遺留下符號背後那未被澄明的個別想像。為了釐清「什麼是運動中的放鬆」此一本質性問題，本文採取現象學的研究取徑，透過本質直觀的還原方法，對「放鬆」與「不放鬆」經驗加以描述與自由變更，旨在揭示運動場域中放鬆經驗之結構與本質。結果發現，運動放鬆經驗可解構出壓力、力度、意識、空間、時間及經驗值等六個結構面向；運動放鬆經驗顯現出的是經驗主體與運動境況間的對應關係，且「放鬆」的本質依存於身體技術對運動境況的能動支配與控制。本文將運動實踐中的「放鬆」現象，進行學術性的觀看與反省，最終返回對身體技術的關注，突顯了運動場域中「能力」需求的現實，更為運動經驗的身體本質下了最直接的註解。

關鍵字

現象學；本質直觀；自由變更；身體技術

並列摘要

The phenomena and statements related to ”relaxation” have always existed in sports, and never faded away. While along with manifold and complex facts and discourse, there are unclear imaginations behind the symbols left behind. To clarify the essential question of ”what's the relaxation in sports,” this paper adopted phenomenological approach, through the method of eidetic reduction, described and varied the relaxed and un-relaxed experiences, and aimed at disclosing the structure and essential of relaxation in sports. Two results were found: first, the experience of relaxation in sports could be deconstructed into six structure aspects, including pressure, effort, consciousness, space, time and experience. Second, the experience of relaxation in sports was the corresponding relationship between subjects and circumstance in sports, and the essential of ”relaxation” depended on the active domination and the control of body techniques over the circumstance. By exploring the phenomenon of ”relaxation” in practice from the view and reflection of academy, and finally returning to the focus of body techniques, this paper highlighted the reality in the need of ”abilities” in sports, and further made the most direct annotation for the body nature of sport experiences.