高齡家庭與高齡照顧者的特性：2010年人口與住宅普查資料的應用

The Characteristics and Formation of Elderly Families and Elderly Caregivers: Application of 2010 Population and Household Census Data

劉千嘉(Chien-Chia Liu)

《人口學刊》 56期 (2018/06) Pp. 81-119

https://doi.org/10.6191/JPS.201806_56.0003

摘要

臺灣於2018年進入高齡社會，照顧者高齡化的現象越趨普遍，但高齡家庭中失能者與照顧者的人口特質，及高齡家庭之型態目前仍未見系統性討論。本文運用2010年人口與住宅普查資料進行加值分析，以戶內親屬關係與失能程度，檢視高齡家庭內潛在的照顧者與被照顧者狀態，以揭露高齡家戶所面臨的照顧情境。研究發現如下：（一）高齡家戶約占全臺老人家戶之四成三，高齡獨居者的照護需求較其他類型家戶低，且多有子女住在附近以便照顧；（二）約一成二的高齡夫妻家戶有照護需求，以妻子照顧丈夫為多，而夫妻皆失能的家戶，其子女居住地點會較無失能或一方失能的家戶為近；（三）四成七的高齡親子家戶有照顧需求，以子代照顧失能親代為主；（四）當高齡親子家戶中的照顧者無力再負擔照顧時，僅一成三的家戶有接替的照顧人選。本研究為初探性研究，旨在評估高齡家戶中潛在的照顧型態與需求，期能提升高齡者生活福祉，做為地方政府規劃長期照顧服務時之參考。

關鍵字

失能長者 ； 高齡家庭 ； 高齡照顧者 ； 人口普查

並列摘要

Taiwan became an aged society in 2018, and the phenomenon of aging of caregivers has also become more common. However, the demographic attributes of family members, disabled family members, caregivers in elderly families, and the characteristics of elderly families have not been systematically discussed yet. Based on the 2010 population and household census data, this paper focuses on the elderly, and depicts their potential living situations by examining the state of individual disabilities and family kinship within households. The research findings are as follows: (1) Elderly people in elderly families account for about 47.5% of the total elderly population. Compared to other types of elderly families, elderly persons in single families are generally much healthier and have lower degrees of disability; (2) The predominant form of care is the wife taking care of her husband; this demonstrates the phenomenon of feminization of caregiving in husband-and-wife families; (3) The greater the parent-child family size is, the less care burden the family endures. Therefore, the care burden is the heaviest in one-parent-one-child families; and moreover, (4) Elderly parent- child families also contain oldest-old parent to take care of the youngold children and may indicate higher care demand in the future. This is an exploratory study aiming to assess the risk states of caregivers among elderly families. The findings hopefully can enhance the well-being of elderly people and assist the government in allocating local long-term care.

並列關鍵字

disabled elderly ； elderly family ； elderly caregiver ； census

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