覓情與營生交融開展：矯正學校離校青年再求學生涯發展經驗之現象學探究

A Phenomenological Inquiry into the Career Development and Reentering College Experience of Youths from a Juvenile Correctional School

曹訓嘉(Xun-Jia Tsao) ； 許育光(Yu-Kuang Hsu) ； 劉淑慧(Shu-Hui Liu)

《中華輔導與諮商學報》 66期 (2023/01) Pp. 41-79

https://doi.org/10.53106/172851862023010066002

摘要

本研究採用現象學方法探究矯正學校離校青年的再求學生涯發展經驗。共訪談三位離開矯正學校後曾就讀大學之青年，結果發現：他們的生涯發展蘊含以下傾向：（1）為了關係營生移動出法制規則世界；（2）從野地世界開展出屬己的自我價值、興趣與生涯風格；（3）考量處境中他人期待自己讀書，重新建構在法制規則世界的新成功經驗；（4）在多元生活世界之落差與拉扯中整合經驗，發展出獨有生涯籌劃。透過前述發現與文獻之對話，本研究提出「營生」與「覓情」作為這些青年與置身處境交往中的核心環節，並勾勒出他們在生涯發展中進出學校體制之處境結構：（1）投入不同生活世界的契機之「覓情」需求；（2）何以離開原本生活世界之「營生」需求；（3）營生（生涯發展）在關係之中（我他交往）開展；（4）關係在「營生」和「覓情」的交織中開展；（5）自我由「覓情」與「營生」交織而成，並在關係時間中發展出生涯方向。最後，本研究翻轉了展開探究之初未曾覺察的意識形態，跳脫崇尚文憑的價值框架，發現就讀大學在這群青年的生涯發展經驗中的真正意義是作為連接法治規則世界的通行證，並據此建議矯治焦點應放在如何協助他們找到合適的連接方法，青少年犯罪防治的焦點則在協助增加法治規則世界、弱化野地世界之「覓情」與「營生」，乃能以貼近犯罪少年生活世界的方式來協助他們安身立命。

關鍵字

生活世界 ； 生涯發展 ； 自我 ； 現象學 ； 矯正學校青年

並列摘要

According to previous research, almost all youths in juvenile correctional school drop out before committing crimes. However, some youths in the school study for attending university. This career change invoked the researcher's curiosity. The researcher aims to explore the experience of career development and return to school of youths from juvenile correctional schools, understand how these youths constructed different career paths compared with their past, and put forward the results as a reference for practitioners. The researcher interviewed three youths who left juvenile correctional school and attended university, asking them to tell their stories and describe their experiences of returning to school. The researcher used a phenomenological approach to analyze the self-expression of these youths and their interaction with the environment in the course of their career, leading to the revelation of the existing structure of the youths' career development. The result showed that the youths' career development contained the following four tendencies: (1) leaving the lifeworld of rules of law to make a living through relationships; (2) developing their self-esteem, interests, and career styles in the wild lifeworld; (3) considering others' expectations for them to study and reconstructing new successful experiences in the lifeworld of rules of law; and (4) integrating different lifeworld experiences while falling in the gap among various lifeworld and being pushing around, and developing their unique career projection. Considering these findings along with relevant literature, this study proposed that "making a living" and "seeking a sense of belonging" were two core links of youths' from juvenile correctional school interacting with others in their situations. The situational structure of the passing in and out school system in their career development showed the following: (1) The need of "seeking a sense of belonging" was an opportunity for them to invest in various lifeworld; (2) The need of "making a living" was the reason to leave their previous lifeworld; (3) "Making a living" (career development) developed via relationships (how they interacted with others in their situations); (4) The relationship developed via interweaving of "making a living" and "seeking a sense of belonging"; and (5) Self was constituted via interweaving of "seeking a sense of belonging" and "making a living." Then, the researcher responded to the research questions and constructed the career development situation structure of the youths from juvenile correctional school who attended university. Finally, this study turned around the ideology that had not been noticed at the beginning of this inquiry and escaped from the bondage resulted from advocating diploma. It was found that, for these youth, in their career development experience, the meaning of attending university was as a means to connect to the lifeworld of the rules of law. Accordingly, it is suggested that corrective treatment should focus on assisting them to find an appropriate means of connection. The focus of juvenile delinquency prevention is to strengthen the youths' "seeking a sense of belonging" and "making a living" in the lifeworld of rules of law, and weaken these in the wild lifeworld. To enable practitioners to have a more detailed understanding of the career development of youths from juvenile correctional school, come closer to the lifeworld of these youths, and think about how to help these youths settle down in the world and live their life with meaning, as suggestions and strategies for living on their own.

並列關鍵字

Career development ； lifeworld ； phenomenological inquiry ； self ； youth in juvenile correctional school

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