都市污水處理廠之生命週期評估

Life Cycle Assessment of a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant

許桓瑜(Huan-Yu Shiu)

指導教授 ： 闕蓓德

國立臺灣大學/工學院/環境工程學研究所/碩士(2014年)

https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU.2014.01744

摘要

污水處理廠是城市水管理的重要基礎，過去多著重於處理效率、操作維護便利及周遭環境影響，相對於能源使用、藥品投入以及廢棄物的產生等其它亦可能會造成環境衝擊之面向較少分析。本研究以金門地區金城污水處理廠作為研究案例，利用生命週期評估方法，將污水廠分為水處理系統及污泥處理系統，量化污水處理廠對環境之衝擊。亦針對金門地區污水與污泥再利用方案進行評估與分析，污水處理系統包含再生水應用於農業、再生水應用於城市；污泥處理系統包含污泥應用於農業、污泥焚化後能源回收以及污泥焚化後灰燼作為建材再利用。

　　本研究選用生命週期評估軟體SimaPro 7.1，盤查金城污水處理廠營運數據以及文獻報告，使用軟體內建Ecoinvent資料庫建立盤查清單，經由CML 2 baseline 2000衝擊評估方法量化污水廠之環境衝擊，最後針對研究結果進行敏感度分析及蒙地卡羅計算不確定性。

　　結果顯示，能源選用對污水廠有最顯著的影響，金城地區使用重油發電，占總衝擊之79%。再生水應用於城市時，雖然需增加三級處理系統，進而增加了55%之環境衝擊，但應用於城市時可減少原淨水處理所產生之環境衝擊，比起無再利用具有50%之環境效益。污泥處理系統方面，目前以掩埋方式處置，處理程序中仍以電力消耗為最主要之衝擊；污泥應用於農業可減少甲烷、一氧化二氮及硫氧化物生成，特別是全球暖化類別，可增加54%之環境效益；污泥經焚化處理所產生之衝擊最高，然而焚化後能源回收再利用，反而可減少86%之環境衝擊；污泥作為建材再利用，也考量焚化程序產生之能源再利用時，是環境衝擊最低的。

關鍵字

污水處理廠 ； 生命週期評估 ； 污水再利用 ； 污泥再利用

並列摘要

Waste water treatment plants are an important foundation for urban water management. While there has been greater emphasis on the efficiency, convenience in operation, maintenance, and overall environmental impacts, energy and chemical input, as well as waste emission also cause significant environmental effects.

　　Life cycle assessment is used to evaluate the environmental benefits and impacts associated with the treatment of a wastewater treatment plant in Kinmen, Taiwan. The objective of this study is to compare the current treatment process with several other proposed advanced treatment processes. The system boundary of the present LCA includes operation and maintenance phase, sludge treatment and disposal, and water reuse.

　　In this study, life cycle assessment software SimaPro 7.1 and CML 2 baseline 2000 methodology were applied to evaluate functional units of 1 m3 treated water. The results show that energy has the most significant impact on environment, with a total impact of 79%. Recycled water used in agriculture, on the other hand, has the most significant benefits. While tertiary treatment systems will increase environmental impact by 55%, using recycled water in the city also increases environmental benefits by 50%. Similarly, in the sludge treatment system, power consumption is the most significant factor responsible for environmental impacts. Sludge used in agriculture can reduce methane, nitrous oxide and sulfur oxide formation, thereby increasing environmental benefits by 54%. Impact of sludge generated by incineration, as well as energy recycling, can reduce overall environmental impact by 86%. Sludge as a building material is the highest among impact scenarios. Finally, to further reduce the environmental impact arising from sewage treatment plants, energy is chosen as the first priority.

並列關鍵字

Waste water treatment ； Life cycle assessment ； Water reuse ； Sludge reuse

參考文獻

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