資產累積脫貧方案對於弱勢家戶各類資本提升之成效~以家扶基金會家長生涯發展方案為例

The Improvement of Various Assets from Assets-Based Program on Disadvantaged Household -The Case of Parents Career Development Program, TFCF

唐玉林(YU-LIN TANG)

指導教授 ： 詹宜璋

國立暨南國際大學/人文學院/社會政策與社會工作學系/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6837/ncnu202100020

摘要

本研究旨在探討經濟弱勢家長不同類型資本存量的現況，尤其是資本在資產累積脫貧方案期間的消長變化；並透過個人背景特性、方案介入及各類資本了解不同因素對各資產累積的影響性，進而評估資產累積方案之成效及其對經濟弱勢家長所產生的影響。
以家扶基金會109年度「家長生涯發展方案」之成員為研究對象，故本研究為方案的外部評估研究。採用量化研究法，自國內12個家扶中心回收124份有效問卷。資料經描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數、皮爾森積差相關及階層迴歸分析後，研究發現如下：
一、方案成員之個人與家庭特性會影響前期資產，且對後續資產累積變動影響不大
二、前後期金融性資產呈現之關係可驗證資產累積福利理論的假設。
三、資本間確實具有轉換機制，且相輔相成。
四、排除其他因素下，方案介入的確具有成效
五、影響成員資產累積最關鍵的因素仍是其初始資產的水準高低。
最後，依據上述研究發現， 本研究提出下列建議以供未來實務及學術研究之參考：
一、在單位財務能力許可下，延長脫貧方案執行期且開放連續參與。
二、提供進階方案的選擇，滿足成員在不同時期的需求，依程度打造個別化設計。
三、辦理人力資本訓練，應估算需投入的前置成本，並對成員進行補貼，以降低其培訓創業之成本。
四、為成員加保基本意外險，確保參與方案期間有基本的風險保障。
五、進行縱貫性研究，將更有助於釐清脫貧措施的成效。
六、執行資產累積脫貧方案之單位可建立資料庫持續蒐集相關服務對象之貫時性資料，有助於評估與追蹤的便利性。
七、探討相對提撥款與獎勵金機制對脫貧方案成效的影響性。
八、將理財素養對資產累積的關係獨立為單一主題深入討論。

關鍵字

脫貧方案 ； 資產累積福利理論 ； 人力資本 ； 社會資本 ； 心理資本 ； 理財素養 ； 家長生涯發展方案

並列摘要

This proposed research aims to explore the current status of different types of capital stocks about economically disadvantaged household, especially the fluctuation of capital during the poverty alleviation program. Above all, to understand the impact of different factors on the asset accumulation through demographic factors, program interventions and various types of capital, and then evaluate the outcome of poverty alleviation program as well as its impact on economically disadvantaged household.
Taking the members of the 109-year " Parents Career Development Program " by TFCF as the research subject, this research is the external evaluation study of the program. Using quantitative research methods, 124 valid questionnaires were collected from 12 centers of TFCF, and the data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-Test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and hierarchical regression. The results were as follows:
1. Demographic factors of members will affect initial assets, and cumulative effect on subsequent assets is not significant.
2. The relationship presented by financial assets in the early and late stages can verify the hypothesis of Assets-Based Welfare Theory.
3. Conversion mechanisms indeed exist between the capitals, and they complement each other.
4. Excluding other factors, the program intervention is indeed effective.
5. The level of initial assets is the most critical factor in asset accumulation for these members.
Based on the results and findings, the following suggestions for practice and further academic research are proposed:
1. Finances permitting, organization could extend the implementation period of the poverty alleviation program and allow continuous participation.
2. Provide advanced programs to meet the needs of members in different periods, and create individualized service plan according to ability.
3. Organizations should estimate the pre-investment cost for human capital training, and reduce members’ entrepreneurial training costs as much as possible.
4. Provide casualty insurance for members to ensure that they have basic risk protection during the program.
5. Conducting longitudinal research will help clarify the effectiveness of poverty alleviation measures.
6. To establish a database will promote the convenience of organization evaluation and tracking.
7. Discuss the impact of contributory plan and incentive on the effectiveness of poverty alleviation programs.
8. Separate the relationship between financial literacy and asset accumulation as a single topic for in-depth discussion.

並列關鍵字

poverty alleviation program ； Assets-Based Welfare Theory ； human capital ； social capital ； psychological capital ； financial literacy ； Parents Career Development Program (TFCF)

參考文獻

任慶宗、胡訓立、劉士銘（2010）。社會資本對創新績效之影響—知識資本的中介效果。輔仁管理評論，17（1），103-120。

呂朝賢（1995）。貧窮的性別與婚姻屬性差異。婦女與兩性學刊，6，25-54。

張清富（1992）。貧窮變遷與家庭結構。婦女與兩性學刊，3，41-58。

一、中文部分

王中天（2003）。社會資本（Social Capital）：概念、源起、及現況。問題與研究，42（5），139-164。