青少年桌球運動員社會支持、心理技能與運動幸福感關聯性之研究

The correlations among social support, psychological skills and sports well-being in adolescence table tennis players

張秀娟(Chang Hsiu-chuan)

指導教授 ： 詹俊成

國立臺灣師範大學/運動與休閒學院/體育學系/碩士(2021年)

https://doi.org/10.6345/NTNU202101109

摘要

本研究以運動幸福感理論為基礎，探討青少年桌球運動員社會支持、心理技能和運動幸福感的現況、認知差異以及變項間之關聯性。本研究以109學年度全國國、高中600名桌球運動員為研究對象，透過「青少年桌球運動員社會支持、心理技能與運動幸福感調查問卷」進行調查，共獲得549份有效問卷，並以描述性統計、獨立樣本 t 檢定、單因子變異數分析及多元逐步迴歸進行資料統計與分析檢驗其相關性，獲得以下結論：
一、青少年桌球運動員現況在社會支持方面，為中上程度，對家人支持的感受最佳；在心理技能方面，為中上程度，對可教導性與自我激勵的知覺情形最高；在運動幸福感方面，為中上程度，則以對運動樂趣的知覺情形最高。
二、青少年桌球運動員不同背景在社會支持之性別、學籍、個人企業贊助、每週訓練時數、運動成就水準不同及國際比賽經歷分別有顯著差異；在心理技能之性別、學籍、球齡、個人企業贊助、每週訓練時數、運動成就水準不同及國際比賽經歷分別有顯著差異；在運動幸福感之球齡方面有顯著差異。
三、青少年桌球運動員在社會支持能有效預測心理技能，其中，以教練支持對心理技能的預測力為最高，其次為老師支持。
四、青少年桌球運動員在社會支持與心理技能對運動幸福感具預測力，其中，以可教導性與自我激勵對運動幸福感的預測力最高；其次分別是動機、自信心、教練支持與同學支持。

關鍵字

青少年桌球運動員 ； 中學生 ； 社會支持 ； 心理技能 ； 幸福感

並列摘要

The objectives of study were to explore the current situation, awareness difference, and correlation among social support, psychological skills and sports well-being in adolescence table tennis players. A questionnaire of “social support, psychological skills and sports well-being in adolescence table tennis players” was distributed to 600 middle and high school level table tennis players in 2020-2021 academic year, and 549 valid questionnaires were returned. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and multiple stepwise regression analysis were employed to analyze and verify the data correlations in those questionnaires. The conclusions were:
1. Upper middle level of current situation of social support in adolescence table tennis players was obtained from the analysis in which support from families was the highest ranked one; The same as psychological skills, upper middle level was obtained from the results in which the teachability and self-encouragements ranked the highest; For the sports well-being, upper middle level result was also achieved, with the sport enjoyment perception was the highest ranked one.
2. Players came from different backgrounds will have differences in social support for their gender, school, corporate sponsorship, weekly training hours, sports achievements, and experiences in international games; difference were also found in gender, school, years of playing, corporate sponsorships, weekly training hours, sports achievements, and experiences in international games for physiological skills; the only difference was found in years of playing for sports well-being.
3. The psychological skills can be predicted by social support, especially for the support from coaches which resulted in the highest predictability, and followed by the support from teachers.
4. The social support and psychological skills can provide the most prediction for sports well-being. And, the highest prediction for sports well-being can be achieved from teachability and self-encouragement; and the motivation, self-confidence, support from coaches and classmates come in second.

並列關鍵字

adolescence table tennis player ； high school student ； social support ； psychological skills ； well-being

參考文獻

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575.

House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

中文部分

王明月、楊欽城、乃慧芳、許吉越 (2010)。柔道選手社會支持、流暢體驗與幸褔感相關之研究。運動與遊憩研究，4(4)，102-115。Doi:10.29423/JSRR.201006_4(4).0006

王亭文、唐慧媛、王文宜 (2017)。孩子，讓我幫你！談競技運動中的父母涉入議題。中華體育季刊，31(2)，161-170。Doi:10.3966/102473002017063102008