地方政府執行身心障礙者促進就業政策之研究－政策順服觀點

The Implementation on the Advancement of Employment Policy for People with Disabilities on Local Governments in Taiwan—Policy Compliance Perspective

江宛琦(Wan-Chi Chiang)

指導教授 ： 顧慕晴

國立臺北大學/公共事務學院/公共行政暨政策學系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

我國在推動身心障礙者就業促進政策亦已有十多年時間，雖然從2007年修正通過之身心障礙者權益保障法中顯示地方政府對於身心障礙者就業促進政策更應具有積極主導之角色與功能，但依勞委會2008年辦理直轄市及縣（市）政府身心障礙者就業促進業務之評鑑結果卻發現地方政府雖然都已運用其身心障礙者就業基金自辦、委託或補助民間團體辦理職業重建服務，但仍有部分縣市政府尚未完全擔負起身心障礙者權益保障法所定之各項職業重建服務，僅辦理部分業務；另外，相同的服務措施在不同地方政府間亦有服務品質參差不齊的情形。因此，本論文試透過公共政策執行過程之「政策順服」（policy compliance）觀點，探討二個地方政府執行單位在執行身心障礙者就業促進政策上影響其順服或無法順服之因素。
本論文研究方法採用文獻分析法及深度訪談法，研究發現：地方政府執行單位組織結構、政策資源、政策執行工具、執行人員對政策內涵的認知與態度，及勞委會評鑑機制都會影響地方政府政策執行績效與順服的行為，且各項因素間彼此也會交互影響。因而，本論文依研究發現所提出相關政策建議如下：一、在組織結構方面：建議強化地方政府執行單位層級、人力編制，並避免權責分散；二、在政策資源方面：應加強對執行人員專業性與激勵的提升，並建議地方政府執行單位應依據轄區身心障礙者就業需求，爭取與合理配置經費；三、在政策執行工具方面：建議發展中央與地方的伙伴關係，且地方政府應強化與政策執行網絡的溝通互動關係；另外，身心障礙者促進就業促進政策應朝向公開、透明及整體的制度設計，並建議勞委會應制定清楚具體之身心障礙者就業促進政策目標，讓任何一位政策參與者都有明確可資遵循的參考及推動方向；四、在執行人員對政策內涵的認知與態度方面：建議增強地方執行單位主管與執行人員對身心障礙就業促進政策的認同與使命；五、在評鑑機制方面：建議勞委會改進評鑑項目與指標，落實對地方執行單位政策執行之監督與課責，並應加強評鑑機制的政策引導效果，及鼓勵地方政府創新。

關鍵字

身心障礙者促進就業政策 ； 政策執行 ； 政策順服

並列摘要

The advancement of employment policy for people with disabilities has been pushed forward in Taiwan for more than ten years. The Act of People with Disabilities Rights Protection shows that the local governments have to play active leading role and functions for promoting the employment of the disabled. According to the evaluation result of the municipality and county/ city governments promoting the employment of the disabled by Council of Labor Affairs in 2008, although the local governments had exercised the Disabled Employment Fund to manage by themselves, commission, or subsidize nongovernmental organizations to provide occupational reconstruction services, there were still partial county/ city governments that did not entirely shoulder all kinds of occupational reconstruction services stipulated by People with Disabilities Rights Protection Act, and only provided partial business; besides, same service measures would have uneven service quality at different local governments. Hence, via the perspective of “policy compliance” in public policy’s process of implementation, the dissertation tried to discuss the factors of influencing two local government implementation units’ being compliant or not to carrying out the advancement of employment policy for people with disabilities.

The study adopted literature analysis and deep interview as the research methods; the research findings: local government implementation unit’s organizational structure, policy resources, policy implementation tool, implementation staff’s cognition and attitude to the policy connotation, and Council of Labor Affairs’ evaluation mechanisms would affect the local government’s policy implementation achievements and compliance behavior, and the factors would influence one another.

Finally, in accordance with the research findings, the research made relevant policy suggestions as follows: 1. At the part of organizational structure: I suggest that the local government implementation unit level and manpower organization should be strengthened, and authority fragmentation should be avoided; 2. At the part of policy resources: The local government should enhance elevating the implementation staff’s professionalism and inspiring them, and I suggest the local government implementation unit should strive for reasonable funds of distribution based on the employment demands of the disabled in the jurisdiction; 3. At the part of policy implementation tool: I suggest developing the partnership between the central government and the local government; moreover, the local government should consolidate the communication and interaction relationship with the policy implementation network; in addition, the advancement of employment policy for people with disabilities should be designed toward the direction of an open, transparent, and integral system, and I suggest Council of Labor Affairs should formulate a clear and concrete goal for the advancement of employment policy for the disabled, so that every policy-participant can have a definite reference to follow and direction to propel; 4. At the part of the implementation staff’s cognition and attitude to the policy connotation: I suggest intensifying the local implementation unit director and implementation staff’s cognition and mission for the advancement of employment policy for the disabled; 5. At the part of evaluation mechanisms: I suggest Council of Labor Affairs should improve the appraisal item and index, fulfill the supervision and accountability to the local government implementation unit’s policy enforcement, strengthen the evaluation mechanisms’ policy guiding effect, and encourage the local government to innovate.

並列關鍵字

The advancement of employment policy for people with disabilities ； policy implementation ； policy compliance

參考文獻

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