嘉義市新世代國三學生國家認同之研究

A Study on the National Identity of a New Generation – 9th Graders in Chiayi City

曾淑芬(Shu-fen Tseng)

指導教授 ： 李佩珊

國立中正大學/社會科學院/政治學系/碩士(2014年)

摘要

摘要
國家認同是個人對國家所存在的一種歸屬感及心理認同，它對一個國家的安
全及存續是很重要的，根據政治社會化與國家認同的研究理論，一般認為子女藉由認同或模仿父母等方式，學習到屬於自己的國家認同，本文想瞭解現階段嘉義市國三學生的國家認同是如何？子女的國家認同是否受父母影響，也想瞭解國家認同是否受個人背景變項與政治社會化途徑的影響，因此以嘉義市國三學生為研究對象，藉由問卷調查研究法，探討個人背景變項、政治社會化途徑與國家認同態度、國家認同思考模式的相關差異情形。
本研究將調查所得資料依百分比、次數分配、t考驗（t-test）、單因子變異數分析（ANOVA）、皮爾遜積差相關、逐步多元迴歸分析等統計方法，進行考驗分析，研究發現如下：
一、嘉義市國三學生政治社會化的重要途徑依序為同儕、學校老師、父母、大眾傳播媒體。
二、嘉義市國三學生認同以台灣為範圍的中華民國、認同台灣制度，但在國家符號的認知、文化認同、民族認同上並沒有明顯傾向。
三、嘉義市國三學生對於國家認同思考模式略偏向自由主義式的思考。
四、不同背景變項的國三學生在政治社會化上，除政黨偏好外，其餘皆有顯著差異。
五、不同背景變項的國三學生在國家認同態度上存在顯著差異，性別、族群與日常生活常用語言是影響國家認同態度的重要變項。
六、性別、不同族群與日常生活常用語言的國三學生在國家認同思考模式上有顯著差異。
七、政治社會化程度愈佳，在國家認同態度上表現愈明顯且傾向台灣，而在國家
認同思考模式上也愈明顯且傾向自由主義式。
八、收看新聞時間長短及收看不同電視新聞台的學生，在國家認同態度及國家認同思考模式上目前無顯著差異，但學生最常透過大眾傳播媒體獲取政治知識及國家觀念。
九、嘉義市國三學生國家認同思考模式與統獨立場、國家符號的認知、文化認同、
制度認同及整體國家認同態度具有顯著相關性。
十、不同背景變項與政治社會化途徑對整體國家認同態度具有聯合預測力，其中
以同儕因素最具預測力。
十一、不同背景變項與政治社會化途徑對國家認同思考模式具有聯合預測力，其
中以家庭因素最具預測力。

【關鍵字】國三學生、政治社會化途徑、國家認同態度、國家認同思考模式

關鍵字

國家認同態度 ； 政治社會化途徑 ； 國三學生 ； 國家認同思考模式

並列摘要

Abstract
National identity is the belonging and the identification which people have with their nation. National identity is very significant for the security and survival of a nation. Based on the studies on political socialization and national identity, it is claimed that children acquaire their own national identity by endorsing or imitating their parents. This thesis aims to interpret 1. the national identity of the 9th graders in Chiayi City, 2. whether the children’s national identity is affected by their parents, and 3. whether the national identity is affected by the personal background and political socialization. Questionnaire is adopted in this thesis to discuss how students’ personal backgrounds and approaches of political socialization affect their attitudes and the thinking patterns toward national identity.
The data analysis in the study includes percentage, frequency distribution, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis.
The main findings and conclusion are as follows:
1.The political socialization of the 9th graders in Chiayi is mainly affected by peers, and then by schoolteachers, parents and media.
2.The 9th graders in Chiayi identify ROC in Taiwan and the Taiwanese regime. They, however, don’t have the same tendency in national symbols, cultural identity, and ethnic identity.
3.The 9th graders in Chiayi give preference to liberalism in their thinking patterns toward national identity.
4.The 9th graders from different backgrounds reveal significant diversity in political socialization, except their political party preference.
5.The 9th graders from different backgrounds reveal significant diversity in their national identity. Genders, ethnic groups, and the daily languages are the influential variables.
6.The 9th graders with different genders, ethnic groups, and daily languages significantly reveal various thinking patterns toward national identity.
7.The more politically socialized the 9th graders are, the more obviously they tend to identify Taiwan. In addition, their thinking patterns toward national identity tend to liberalism even more.
8.Neither the duration nor the channel of TV news affects the 9th graders in their attitudes and thinking patterns toward national identity. Still, students acquire political knowledge and the concept of nation through media.
9.The students’ thinking patterns are significantly relative to how they comprehend independence, national symbols, cultural identity, regime identity and the nation identity.
10.Backgrounds and approaches of political socialization can be adopted to predict the subject’s attitudes toward nation identity. Among the variables, “peers” is the most outstanding.
11.Backgrounds and approaches of political socialization can be adopted to predict the subject’s thinking patterns toward nation identity. Among the variables, “family” is the most outstanding.

Keywords: the 9th graders, approaches of political socialization, attitudes toward nation identity, thinking patterns toward nation identity

並列關鍵字

attitudes toward nation identity ； approaches of political socialization ； the 9th graders ； thinking patterns toward nation identity

參考文獻

江宜樺，1997，<自由民主體制下的國家認同>，《臺灣社會研究季刊》，

江宜樺，1998，《自由主義、民族主義與國家認同》，台北：揚智。

江宜樺，1998，<當前台灣國家認同論述之反省>，《台灣社會研究》，

　　　　《臺灣政治學刊》，1：5-39。

施正鋒，1999，《臺灣人的民族認同》，台北：前衛。