從國土安全角度探討國軍災害防救作為

A Discussion of the Disaster Relief Actions of the ROC Armed Forces, From a Homeland Security Perspective

胡春林(Chun-Lin Hu)

指導教授 ： 林泰和

國立中正大學/社會科學院/戰略暨國際事務研究所/碩士(2016年)

摘要

21世紀以來，人類的生存發展面臨諸多威脅和挑戰，其中最引人關注的焦點，應是各國在維護國土安全方面所面對的巨大壓力。國土安全問題具有變動性與議題多元性的特點，各國政府均相當重視，並時刻研擬提升應處機制的效能，以因應不確定的威脅風險。其次，面對當前因全球暖化現象，氣候變遷所發生的各類型複合式重大災害，我們必須及早作準備，並因應新的環境與挑戰，研修國家安全政策不全之處，以應付各種潛在的威脅，使國家得以永續生存與發展。
我國國土安全主要威脅因素，仍以來自於中國軍事威脅為首要挑戰；另外，有關於非傳統安全情勢中的天然與人為威脅，如大規模毀滅性武器擴散、國際恐怖組織惡行，水資源與糧食紛爭擴大、傳染性疾病與重大天然災害威脅等，亦為我國現今國土安全威脅不可忽視的挑戰。因此，政府必須調整現有態度，積極創新災防思維與救援行動，由整體國土安全與永續發展的角度上，研擬因應氣候與環境變遷之適切防災工作，進而達到防減災的目標。
其次，「國防沒有假期、國安不能鬆懈」，災害防救為國軍常態性任務之一，面對未來詭譎多變的各種安全威脅來源倍增，以及國防軍事轉型與兵力結構改變之際，國軍在思考救災能量方向也要隨之調整改變，並適時結合政策，研修法令規章，尤其對於各種不同的國防安全挑戰、國軍的組織架構、兵力結構、指揮體系及運作皆必須同步精進，做好各項「防患未然」準備，並建立完整的機制，持續透過各項災害防救演練，驗證與深化災防能量，組建「平時能救災，戰時能作戰」的部隊，方能真正遠離災難，確保國人的生命與財產安全。

關鍵字

國土安全 ； 氣候變遷 ； 災害防救 ； 災害防救應變機制 ； 國軍災防整備

並列摘要

The survival and development of mankind have been facing various new threats and challenges ever since the beginning of the 21st Century. The most concerned focus for all countries should be the enormous pressure of maintaining the homeland security. Since issues related to homeland security are characterized by their volatility and diversity, all governments are dealing with them very seriously, and are constantly trying to improve the efficiency of their responses to cope with the uncertain threats and risks. On the other hand, due to the possibility of various compound disasters caused by global warming and climate change, we have to prepare in advance, take into account new environment and challenges, as well as to revise current national security policies, in order to handle all kinds of potential threats, and to safeguard the everlasting survival and development of our country.
The primary threat to our homeland security is still the military threat posed by China. In addition, other natural or manmade non-traditional security threats, such as the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, attacks of international terrorist organizations, spreading disputes over food and water resources, highly contagious diseases and severe natural disasters, are all current challenges to our homeland security that cannot be ignored. Therefore, the government must change its current mindset to actively innovate disaster-relief thinking and rescue operations, and to devise appropriate responses for climate and environment changes from a homeland security and sustained national development perspective, in order to achieve the goal of disaster preparedness and damage reduction.
Furthermore, since there is neither holiday for national defense nor break for national security, disaster relief has become one of the primary missions for the ROC Armed Forces. Facing increasing complex threats from various sources, as well as challenges caused by military reform and force structure changes, the ROC Armed Forces also have to adjust the direction for disaster relief preparedness and capacity, and to revise related regulations according to new policies. Especially the organization, force structure, chain of command and operations of the ROC Armed Forces all have to be improved with respect to different defense and security challenges, in order to better prepare for potential threats and to establish complete response mechanism. Besides, the disaster relief capacity must be verified and refined by constant disaster relief exercises and practices. A military that is capable of both peacetime disaster relief operations and wartime combat missions is the only guarantee to protect the country from disasters and to secure the people’s lives and safety.

並列關鍵字

Homeland Security ； Climate Change ； Disaster Relief ； Disaster Relief Emergency Response Mechanism ； Military Disaster Relief Preparedness

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