以營造工安意外案例探討營造安全衛生法規之缺失

The case study of the defects of Construction Safty and Hygiene Act

尹傳頌(Chuan-sung Yin)

指導教授 ： 鄭純媛

朝陽科技大學/理工學院/工業工程與管理系/碩士(2013年)

摘要

營造職業災害居各行業之冠，規範勞安的相關法規甚多，本研究主要是以露天開挖、範本支撐、樑模組立作業為案例，來分析營造安全衛生法規之妥適性加以深入探討。透過實際職業災害案例及文獻蒐集等方式，先掌握露天開挖、範本支撐、樑模組立作業中，常發生災害的種類、型態及潛在危害因數，並以宏觀的思維，全面分析事業單位，在執行安全衛生工作於各個階段所因法規限制所產生難行之處。再進一步分析探討露天開挖、範本支撐、樑模組立作業於現場較常違反法規之情事，同時將違反法規之例外情事加以分析；透過分析發現營造安全衛生設施標準、勞動檢查法及勞工安全衛生法等勞安法律內皆含有不確定法律概念之規定，主要體現在：未設置適當之擋土支撐、未設置安全之上下設備、擋土支撐作業主管違反規定、作業人員不當於支撐架上走動、操作機械以外之人員進入機械開挖半徑範圍內、範本支撐作業主管並未在現場執行監督、可調鋼管支柱高度超過三‧五公尺每二公尺內應設置足夠強度之縱向、橫向之水準繫條，防止支柱移動、範本支撐以型鋼之組合鋼柱時，其相連接插銷未設置、範本支撐之支柱基礎不良，易發生沉陷、鋼管架與鋼管架間未設置斜撐材、施工架連接處無使用標準式插銷、工作橫架無防止橫架浮起之措施、施工架並未完全鋪滿工作橫板(或其寬度小於40公分)、工作橫板之不符合標準(間隙大於三公分)、交叉拉桿下無架設中欄杆、未架設斜撐、某工種於施作時拆除繫牆桿(壁連座)、施工架與工作臺設置腳趾板、地面並無整平、安全母索之錨錠等方面。

再不探討管理層面問題上根據法規明確之規定但因部分施工階段難以遵守之情事，擬定法規之修正建議，並配合探討勞動檢查程序之相關問題，希冀能使該標準更趨明確，真正落實勞動檢查，達到保護勞工安全，降低職業災害發生率之目標。

關鍵字

營建管理 ； 營造安全設施標準 ； 妥適性

並列摘要

Create the occupation hazards in the industry for the crown, standardized safety regulations of many, the main purpose of this study is to open excavation, template support, beam module set operation as a case, to analyze the appropriateness of the construction safety and hygiene regulations are discussed. Through the actual occupation disaster case and literature collection method, first master the open excavation, template support, beam module set operation, type, style and potential hazard factor often occur disaster, and to the macroscopic thinking, comprehensive analysis and interview and institutions, in the implementation of safety management stages produced hard. Further analysis of the open excavation, template support, beam module set operation on site is often in violation of regulations or, at the same time, the exceptional circumstances in violation of the regulations to the type of analysis; through the analysis of types, construction safety and hygiene facilities standards, the labor inspection and labor safety and health law and labor security laws in both containing or specified legal concept. Through the analysis of types, construction safety and sanitation standards, the labor inspection and labor safety and health law, labor safety laws are specified with different legal concept, mainly reflected in: is not set properly retaining support, not set security equipment, retaining support for industry executives irregularities however, workers when personnel to support the architecture around, operate machinery into the mechanical excavation radius, template support operations supervisor does not perform the supervision, adjustable steel pipe pillar height of more than three, five meters per two meters should be set of sufficient strength, the longitudinal horizontal standard system in the field, to prevent the column moving, template supported by the composite steel column, the connecting bolt is not set, template support pillar foundation bad, prone to subsidence, steel frame and steel frame is not set bracing material, construction frame joints without the use of standard type bolt, transverse frame without preventing cross float measures, construction frame not completely covered with working plate ( or its width is less than 40 cm ), the work does not meet the standard model ( gap larger than three cm ), erection, erection, not bracing, a cross rod under no For removing system for construction wall rod ( even when the wall base ), no erection toe plate, ground leveling, no security master cable anchorage.

According to the rules of the circumstances, make amendments and regulations, and in line with the discussion of issues related to the labor inspection program, hoping to make it even more clear, really practicable the labor inspection, to protect the balance of work safety, occurrence rate of occupation target of reducing disaster.

並列關鍵字

Safety Inspection ； Construction Safety Facility Standards ； Construction Management

參考文獻

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