- 學位論文
室內空氣清淨機實場去除效率評估 及實場模式建立
The Field Assessment and Modeling of the Removal Efficiency by Indoor Air Cleaners
摘要
本研究將3台空氣清淨機分別於測試箱及室內實場，進行空氣清淨機去除污染物之效率評估，測試方法參考AHAM AC-1之標準方法，將AHAM AC-1方法延伸，進行空氣清淨機去除粒狀物與氣狀物之效率評估。測試之污染物為PM10、PM2.5、甲醛、TVOC等4種。在室內實場測試時，污染物注入於四個角落，待濃度穩定後開始進行空氣清淨機去除污染物效率測試，每一組測試包括：(1) 污染物之自然衰退測試，(2) 清淨機開機去除污染物測試。藉由儀器所監測之污染物濃度變化，計算各空氣清淨機實際去除污染物之效率與CADR值。並探討實場空間大小、空氣清淨機之操作風量、污染物起始濃度、對於空氣清淨機去除效率及CADR值之影響。而空氣清淨機室內實場模式，為考量室內實場之通風換氣量及空氣清淨機之去除率等因素建立。模式所需參數分別為：污染物起始濃度、室內空間體積、換氣量、空氣清淨機操作風量與CADR值，再藉由室內實場測試數據比對分析，利用平均絕對百分誤差 (Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE) 驗證模式之準確度。 空氣清淨機於測試箱測試CADRPM10值35.56 ~ 82.20 ft3/min，CADRHCHO值1.43 ~ 4.31 ft3/min，CADRTVOC值0.81 ~ 2.94 ft3/min。室內實場CADRPM10值68.69 ~ 149.73 ft3/min，CADRHCHO值18.22 ~ 49.63 ft3/min，CADRTVOC值10.31 ~ 51.59 ft3/min。結果顯示空氣清淨機測試去除效率時，當測試空間越大，CADR值越大。空氣清淨機去除室內甲醛及TVOC之結果，當空氣清淨機搭配較多功能及元件，且濾網面積較大時，能提升空氣清淨機去除甲醛及TVOC效率。 空氣清淨機於低濃度(PM10、PM2.5、TVOC)測試時CADR值較高，而甲醛在高濃度測試時CADR值較高。各種操作風量測試結果顯示，風量越大，去除污染物之CADR值也越高，彼此呈現正相關。風量效益結果，各污染物結果相同，風量越大並不能使效益提升。金錢效益方面，低價位之空氣清淨機會有較好的價格效益。 綜合室內實場與測試箱模擬結果，模式預測空氣清淨機去除PM10之平均MAPE值為8.21% (2.01 ~ 17.76%)，10%≦MAPE≦20%，表示模式預測準確度優良。而甲醛與TVOC必須在較大實場與高濃度下，模式預測值較為準確，而TVOC在低風量下預測較不準確。本模式可供消費者與廠商應用。
並列摘要
The study was to evaluate the efficiency of three air cleaners at air pollutant removal. The tested air cleaners were placed in the test chamber and indoor fields individually. The method was adopted from the standardized testing of AHAM AC-1. The tested pollutants were PM10, PM2.5, formaldehyde, and TVOC. For indoor testing, pollutants were released in four corners of a room. After the concentrations of pollutants became stable, the testing of air cleaners began. The tests of each group aimed to 1. examine the natural decay of pollutants, as well as 2. investigate the ability of pollutants to be processed by the air cleaners. Air cleaners’ efficiency and CADR were calculated based on the changes of pollutants’ concentrations in the air. The results were used to discuss how the size of the indoor field, volume of operating wind of air cleaners and the initial concentration of pollutants influence the efficiency and the CADR. The system of an indoor field was built based on indoor ventilation and removal efficiency of air cleaners. The parameters that were taken into account were: the initial concentration of pollutants, the size of the indoor field, ventilation, air cleaner wind operating volume and the CADR. After the comparison and analysis of experimental results, MAPE were applied to test the accuracyof mode. The obtained results were described as follows. When air cleaners were in test chambers, the corresponding CADR values were, CADRPM10：35.56 ~ 82.0 ft3 / min, CADRHCHO：1.43 ~ 4.31 ft3 / min , and CADRTVOC：0.81-2.94 ft3 / min. When air cleaners were in the Indoor fields, the CADR values were, CADRPM10：68.96 ~ 149.73 ft3/min,CADRHCHO：18.22 ~ 49.63 ft3/min, and CADRTVOC：10.31 ~ 51.59 ft3/min. The result demonstrated that bigger indoor fields produced greater CADR values. Multifunctional air cleaners and larger filters increased the efficiency of formaldehyde and TVOC removal. At low concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and TVOC, the obtained CADR values were higher. On the contrary, the formaldehyde CADR value was higher at high concentrations of the pollutants. Various tests have suggested that the CADR value of each pollutant shows positive correlation with to its delivery rate. More volume of wind operated can lead to higher value of CADR and the removal efficiency can be increased； However, this did not influence the benefit of cost. As a result, air cleaners with lower cost had greater benefit. The forecasted PM10 concentration in the indoor field was compared to the final PM10 concentration after the air cleaners were employed, and the average MAPE was 8.21%. When MAPE was less than 10%, the forecast of the system has proven more accurate. The results have provide the future reference for customers to purchase the air cleane.