半導體產業為我國所重點扶植的產業之一,並為帶動經濟成長的主要動力來源,於全球半導體市場中更占有重要的一席之地。然而,2007年起的美國次級房貸爆發及廠商過份樂觀預期Vista系統的推出,再加上2008年的全球性金融風暴與韓元大幅貶值的夾攻下,導致我國DRAM產業進入最後的存亡競爭。因此,本研究將以Fried, Schmidt and Yaisawarng(1999)的四階段DEA模型及Färe, Grosskopf, Norris, and Zhang (1994)的MalmquistM生產力指數法構建本文所使用的三階段Malmquist生產力指數模型,用以探討目前我國半導體產業的發展,瞭解各廠商資源投入的配置是否為有效之運用,以作為相關廠商生產決策的參考,進而提升整體產業及廠商的競爭力。 實證結果顯示,摒除環境變數影響後的效率及生產力皆較摒除前來得佳。因此,為真實反映廠商經營績效,考量環境變數對生產決策的影響是有其必要性存在。而考量環境變數影響後的效率介於0.726至0.844,表示92家半導體廠商平均有15.6%至27.4%要素投入浪費的情形,此主要是受到純技術無效率;研究期間內的生產力,則有些微的惡化,主要是因技術效率改善的幅度不敵技術的進步所致。在半導體製程技術發展快速的今日,若廠商無法跟上技術發展的步伐,未來恐將遭受淘汰的命運。
In Taiwan, the semiconductor industry is the key industry supported by government, and has been one of the main cornerstones of the economic development. It also plays an important role in the global semiconductor market. However, the outbreak of the US subprime crisis and over-optimism of Vista system in 2007, plus the global financial crisis and substantial depreciation of the Korean won in 2008, lead Taiwan DRAM Industry to a crucial competition. Thus, we will adopt the concept of Fried et al.(1999) Four-stage DEA model and Färe, et al.(1994) Malmquist Productivity Index to construct a three-stage Malmquist Productivity Index model to discuss the current development of Taiwan's semiconductor industry and comprehend further the resources allocation of different firms efficient or not. At last, it would give some production decision for producers in order to improve the competitiveness of the whole industry and firms. Empirical results show that efficiency scores and productivities become better after considering the possible effect from environmental variables. Therefore, in order to truly reflect the operating performance that considers the environment variables impact on decision-making is necessary. The efficiency scores that consider the impact of environmental variables are between 0.726 and 0.844. It implies that 92 semiconductor firms averagely waste 15.6% to 27.4% factor inputs with the result of pure technical inefficiency. During the research period, the Malmquist TFP of the whole semiconductor industry has little deceased and the decrease of TFP in semiconductor industry mainly results from that the degree of technical efficiency improvement is more than technical regress. Thus, if firms could not keep up with technological progress under the rapid development of semiconductor processing, it will be eliminated through competition.