社區獨居老人之健康狀況與照顧需求調查分析:以苗栗縣為例

Health Status and Care Services Needs among Community Elderly Living Alone －The Case of Maioli County

歐蕙瑛(Ou Hui-ying)

指導教授 ： 張李淑女

亞洲大學/健康學院/長期照護研究所在職專班/碩士(2011年)

摘要

研究背景：獨居老年人為世界衛生組織定為健康照護之高危險人口群之ㄧ，我國近年家庭結構與功能的轉變，促使家庭照護人力的降低，獨居老人人口持續大幅度增加。當健康狀況佳時，老人獨居並不會產生問題；但是，當獨居老人的健康狀況不佳時，若無法得到任何照顧及協助，才是面臨危機。
研究目的：瞭解苗栗縣獨居老人的特性、健康情形及照顧需求，並探討健康狀況與照顧需求之關係。
研究設計：以苗栗縣長期照顧管理中心之「98年苗栗縣獨居老人慰訪問卷」資料庫，共有212名樣本，以SPSS 12 for Windows 套裝軟體進行編碼建檔及統計分析，以百分比、平均數、標準差、獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關及卡方檢定等進行統計分析。評估苗栗縣獨居老人之人口學資料、健康情形與照顧需求間關係。
研究結果：苗栗縣獨居老人以非中低收入戶、女性、客家人、離婚或喪偶、不識字、道教、平均獨居時間18.17年，平均年齡80.47歲。主要經濟來源為「老農年金」居多。休閒活動以「看電視聽音樂」占最多。自述慢性病數目平均2.45種，以「高血壓」最多，ADL平均分數79.88及IADL失能項數平均2.65項。自覺健康狀況在平均方面9.5分屬中偏向較差的情形。苗栗縣獨居老人對照顧政策之需求以免費健檢需求(48.6％)、免費疫苗注射需(47.6％)、健保補助費用(45.3％)及老人免費乘車(39.6％)為最需要前五名。
結論：本研究結果有助於了解社區獨居老人健康狀況及長期照護需求之現況，以提供對社區獨居老人照護服務政策及計畫之參考，確保社區獨居老人接受照顧服務之可近性，按當地資源特色提供獨居老人完整的全人照顧與在地服務模式之服務輸送網絡，以增進獨居老人的生活品質及社會參與。

關鍵字

獨居老人 ； 健康狀況 ； 照顧需求 ； HASH(0xbe16ed8)

並列摘要

Background：The elderly living alone has been defined as one of the health care high risk population groups by World Health Organization. In recent years, changes in family structure and function to promote family care reduces workforce,elderly living alone population continues to increase dramatically. When good health, the elderly living alone does not create problems. However, when poor health status of elderly people living alone, if they can’t get any care and assistance, that is facing a crisis.
Aim：The aim of this study was to understand their characteristics, health status ,care needs, and the relationship of health and care needs of Miaoli County elderly people living alone.
Design：Used by Miaoli County long term care management center’s”elderly living alone visit questionnaire in Miaoli County,2009” database, a total of 212 samples to SPSS 12 for Windows software package to encode archiving and statistical analysis,with percent、mean、standard deviation、independent samples t test、one way analysis of variance、pearson’s correlation coefficient and the chi-square test.
The results were as follow: The elderly living alone in Miaoli County, The majority of general household,female,Hakka People,Divorced or widowed, Illiterate and Taoism; the mean year of living alone was18.17, the mean of age was 80.47.Main source of income for the "farmer annuity. " Leisure activities, "watching TV listening to music, " accounted for most.The mean number of chronic disease was 2.45, "hypertension"maximum, ADL and IADL disability average score 79.88 average 2.65 to the number of items. Terms of perceived health status in the average deviation of 9.5 points and had a median-to-low score of perceived health status.The needs of elderly care needs of a free health check (48.6%), free vaccine demand (47.6%), health care benefits costs (45.3%) and elderly free rides (39.6%) were most in need of five .
Conclusion： The results of this study help to understand the health status of elderly people living alone and care needs of the current situation, to provide community care services for elderly people living alone reference for policy and planning to ensure that care services for elderly people living alone received the accessibility, according to local resources to provide a complete holistic care features local service model and service distribution network, we might be able to give a comprehensive and appropriate care ,and improve the quality of life and the social participation of the elders living alone.

並列關鍵字

The elders who living alone ； Health status ； Care needs

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