從實質法概念重新定義法益：以法主體性論述為基礎

Redefining Legal Good from the Perspective of Substantial Concept of Law: Legal Subjectivity as Foundation

周漾沂(Yang-Yi Chou)

《臺大法學論叢》 41卷3期 (2012/09) Pp. 981-1053

https://doi.org/10.6199/NTULJ.2012.41.03.04

摘要

本文的任務是給予法益概念實質定義，並提取得以批判刑事立法之規範性判準，作為出發點的是唯一具有批判性潛能的個人法益學說。然而，該學說卻因為法主體性論述並不充分，無法釐清人與法益間的關連，以致其實踐意義相當有限。因此，本文完整證立一個以「人」為中心的實質法概念，指出在支撐法主體性的自由理念之下，法所指涉的是現實領域中的人際相互承認關係，並據此導出法益的內涵：就主體性面向而言，法益是外在自由領域的具體化條件；就交互主體性面向而言，法益是對他人的具體承認誡命；集體法益是法的關係的護衛性體制。而使法益發揮批判性功能的特徵，則是與人際現實有關之普遍有效性。依此，不具普遍有效性或僅具表象普遍有效性之事物，並無法益適格。

關鍵字

刑法 ； 法益 ； 法概念 ； 不法 ； 刑事立法 ； 法主體性

並列摘要

The goal of this article is to set a substantial definition of legal good in criminal law, which would provide normative standards judging criminal legislations. The theory of personal legal good has the ability to criticizing the positive legislations and serves a starting point for the analysis. However, this theory has little practical significance, because it does not illuminate the concept of subjectivity and can not clarify the connection between a person and the legal good. In this article, a substantial concept of law surrounding the idea of ”a person” would be fully established. Under the concept of freedom, which forms the basis of the subjectivity, the law refers to the relationship of mutual recognition among people in reality. Accordingly, the content of legal good could be deduced as following. In terms of subjectivity, legal good means the conditions, which specify the external sphere of freedom. In terms of inter-subjectivity, legal good is the concrete commandment to recognize others. Collective legal good refers to the protective mechanism of the sphere of freedom. General validity concerning interpersonal reality is the feature that makes the legal good having criticism function. Therefore, those not general valid or only prima facie valid are not capable of being the legal good.

並列關鍵字

Criminal Law ； legal good ； concept of law ； wrong ； criminal legislation ； legal subjectivity

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